<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Ministerie van Onderstroom]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ministerie van Onderstroom maakt het onzichtbare zichtbaar, zodat organisaties en communities keuzes durven te maken die echt kloppen met wie ze zijn en wat de tijd vraagt.
]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7Rz5!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61852b32-05de-4e0b-ae6f-82f5a2543960_1024x1024.png</url><title>Ministerie van Onderstroom</title><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 09:35:01 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[nl]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[ministerievanonderstroom@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[ministerievanonderstroom@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[ministerievanonderstroom@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[ministerievanonderstroom@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[From Coding to Tooling: How AI is Transforming Governance]]></title><description><![CDATA[Stepping up toward smart systems in business and government]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/from-coding-to-tooling-how-ai-is</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/from-coding-to-tooling-how-ai-is</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 19 Jun 2026 08:47:43 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!weEK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0775553b-de77-4f24-9698-b4d6ce9e989c_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!weEK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0775553b-de77-4f24-9698-b4d6ce9e989c_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!weEK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0775553b-de77-4f24-9698-b4d6ce9e989c_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!weEK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0775553b-de77-4f24-9698-b4d6ce9e989c_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!weEK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0775553b-de77-4f24-9698-b4d6ce9e989c_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!weEK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0775553b-de77-4f24-9698-b4d6ce9e989c_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!weEK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0775553b-de77-4f24-9698-b4d6ce9e989c_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!weEK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0775553b-de77-4f24-9698-b4d6ce9e989c_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!weEK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0775553b-de77-4f24-9698-b4d6ce9e989c_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!weEK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0775553b-de77-4f24-9698-b4d6ce9e989c_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!weEK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0775553b-de77-4f24-9698-b4d6ce9e989c_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>1. Fast-Paced Developments</strong></p><p>The way organizations deploy digital and AI-driven tools is evolving at a rapid pace. While traditional software development once took center stage, work is increasingly augmented by systems capable of generating content, thinking along, and executing tasks autonomously. To make sense of this evolution, it is helpful to map it out across several stages, reflecting both a chronological progression and an increasing level of autonomy.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p><strong>From Manual Programming to Direct Use</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Coding:</strong> Solutions are built using traditional software engineering. Developers design, program, and test systems that register dossiers, manage processes, or perform calculations. This grants the organization tight control over system behavior, but adapting to change leaves them heavily dependent on scarce specialists, lengthy development timelines, and formal change-management processes.</p></li><li><p><strong>Prompting:</strong> Employees interact directly with generative AI systems using everyday language. They issue commands, generate texts, summaries, initial analyses, or ideas, and then evaluate the quality of the output. This significantly lowers the barrier to digital assistance. The core of the work shifts from &#8220;writing or calculating everything yourself&#8221; to &#8220;clearly articulating what you need and critically assessing what you receive.&#8221;</p></li></ul><p><strong>From Isolated Prompts to Workflows</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Agents:</strong> The focus shifts from individual prompts to end-to-end workflows. Instead of executing a single, one-off command, processes are designed so the system can autonomously complete multiple sequential steps. For instance, an agent can search for information, select sources, synthesize findings, draft a concept text, and format it as agreed&#8212;all without the user needing to manage every micro-step. Professionals design and monitor the agent&#8217;s process, intervening only when necessary, while routine steps are increasingly left to the system.</p></li><li><p><strong>Looping:</strong> An iterative component is layered on top of the workflow. The user primarily specifies the goal and quality criteria, after which the system enters a cycle of generation, testing, evaluation, and refinement. This loop continues until a predefined threshold is met. Instead of a series of manual, one-off corrections, this creates a continuous improvement process&#8212;ideal for optimizing designs, policy alternatives, or operational parameters.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Toward an Innovation Engine</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Tooling:</strong> Organizations stop building single solutions for individual problems and instead construct a generative engine capable of structurally producing new solutions, processes, or products. This involves platforms where data, models, templates, and workflows converge, enabling teams to repeatedly configure applications without starting from scratch. The paradigm shifts from &#8220;delivering projects&#8221; to developing a permanent, organization-wide capacity for innovation.</p></li></ul><p><strong>2. Examples and Applications in the Business Sector</strong></p><p>The five steps outlined above are not abstract concepts; they are visible in daily corporate operations. Within a single organization, traditional IT development, generative AI experiments, and early-stage &#8220;innovation engines&#8221; frequently coexist. The following applications illustrate how these distinct phases manifest in practice.</p><p><strong>Coding: Bespoke Core Systems</strong></p><p>Many companies still rely heavily on solutions built via traditional software development. Banks and insurers, for example, have transaction systems, risk models, and customer management portals custom-coded from scratch. In manufacturing, this includes scheduling software, inventory management, product configurators, and integrations between production lines and administrative systems. These solutions form the stable backbone of the enterprise: they must be reliable, secure, and scalable, requiring meticulous design, testing, and maintenance. The drawback is that any modification costs time and money, and can rarely be executed by the end-users themselves.</p><p><strong>Prompting: Accelerating Knowledge and Content Work</strong></p><p>Surrounding that core, departments seek ways to accelerate daily tasks, making prompting a primary instrument. Marketing and communication teams use generative AI to draft initial versions of blogs, newsletters, web content, and campaigns, complete with visual prompts. Legal teams use it to pre-process contracts, memos, and advisory letters, after which lawyers review, refine, and align the tone. In operations and HR, manuals, onboarding materials, and internal FAQs are updated faster by generating raw drafts via prompting first. Here, quality depends heavily on the employees&#8217; ability to write precise prompts and critically audit the outputs.</p><p><strong>Agents: Automating Workflows</strong></p><p>An increasing number of companies are taking the next step by deploying agents around concrete business processes. In sales, AI agents follow up on leads: they send automated yet personalized emails, schedule meetings, and update fields in the CRM system. In customer service, virtual assistants handle standard customer inquiries, escalate complex cases to human staff in a structured manner, and log all interactions. In data-heavy sectors, agents periodically scan massive datasets, flag anomalies, generate alerts, and prepare reports for management and regulators. The professional&#8217;s role shifts from executing every step to defining the rules of engagement, managing exceptions, and optimizing the underlying processes.</p><p><strong>Looping: Continuous Optimization</strong></p><p>While agents focus on executing a fixed set of steps, looping centers on continuous optimization. Companies apply this in product development, where AI systems generate countless design variations, automatically test them against criteria like manufacturing cost, weight, or sustainability, and iterate until a predefined performance benchmark is hit. In dynamic pricing and inventory management, algorithms adjust their proposals iteratively based on live demand, seasonal patterns, and historical data. Rather than relying on intermittent manual analysis, this establishes a permanent learning process where the system itself signals when it is time to adjust settings or strategies.</p><p><strong>Tooling: An Engine for Innovation</strong></p><p>Finally, some companies have matured beyond isolated applications to embrace generative tooling as a core capability. They build internal AI platforms where employees can configure their own &#8220;mini-applications&#8221;&#8212;such as a policy writer, a market-scan assistant, a tender coach, or a customer service guide. These platforms provide secure, governed access to models, data, templates, and standard workflows. Innovation labs shift away from one-off pilots toward creating reusable building blocks and governance frameworks. This makes it possible to deploy new solutions rapidly while maintaining consistency and control. Where every change was once a project in the coding phase, innovation here becomes a standardized operational activity.</p><p><strong>3. The Public Sector and These Solutions</strong></p><p>The public sector is mirroring the private sector&#8217;s trajectory, though it operates under the constant demands of legality, transparency, and political accountability. This combination dictates a more cautious pace, yet it has already led to a rapidly growing, concrete body of practice. This section explores current implementations and what lies on the horizon.</p><p><strong>3A. Current Practices</strong></p><p>Every stage of development is already visible in today&#8217;s public sector landscape. In <strong>coding</strong>, this refers to familiar custom-built legacy systems: case management systems, registries, scheduling software for inspections or enforcement, data platforms for policy intelligence, and specific algorithms used for automated parking enforcement or risk selection. These solutions form the digital foundation of many executive agencies. They are stable but rigid, making them difficult to adapt quickly when policy or regulations change.</p><p>Simultaneously, a growing number of civil servants use <strong>prompting</strong> in their daily routines. Generative AI is used to draft and refine briefing notes, ministerial letters, policy advice, procurement documents, and web content. Various organizations have set up sandboxed, internal AI assistants, allowing staff to process confidential information without exposing it outside the organizational perimeter. Prompting has become a standard tool to accelerate first drafts and make large volumes of text or documentation manageable.</p><p>The transition to <strong>agents</strong> remains largely experimental but is visibly gaining traction. Municipalities deploy virtual assistants at the frontlines of service delivery: digital counters answer frequently asked questions from residents, direct them to the correct form or channel, and log interactions directly into the case management system. In social services, agent-like systems help structure intake information, combine signals from multiple sources, and prepare case files, freeing up professionals to focus their time on direct client interactions. At the ministerial level, policy assistants autonomously parse vast volumes of reports, legislative texts, and historical parliamentary proceedings to extract key points for official responses and policy formulation.</p><p><strong>Looping</strong> is also emerging through pilots and experiments. In urban planning and mobility, scenarios are iteratively calculated: systems generate variations of infrastructure plans, estimate their impact on traffic flow, livability, or budgets, and refine the proposals based on predefined criteria. In inspection and enforcement, algorithms are continuously fed new data to sharpen risk-selection models. Instead of relying on occasional evaluations, this marks the beginning of a continuous learning process where models and policies are updated periodically.</p><p>Finally, the first outlines of <strong>tooling</strong> are appearing in the public sector. Some government bodies are developing generic AI capabilities: internal platforms where multiple departments can leverage the same generative functions within a single legal and technical framework. Examples include a government-wide text assistant for civil servants or a shared platform where different municipalities can configure their own digital assistants using local data. These are no longer single-use applications, but infrastructure building blocks designed for large-scale reuse.</p><p><strong>3B. What Lies Ahead</strong></p><p>The coming years will see a dual movement: on one hand, increased leeway to integrate generative AI into the day-to-day work of civil servants; on the other, stricter frameworks to guide that use responsibly. Policy frameworks have now established that generative AI is no longer restricted to experimental sandboxes; it can be deployed as a standard administrative aid, provided it operates within clear rules of engagement and includes a case-by-case risk assessment. This opens the door to broader applications in permit processing, handling citizen and business inquiries, and supporting policy formulation.</p><p>As experience and institutional trust grow, <strong>agents</strong> will naturally assume a larger role in supporting workflows across policy, operations, and oversight. Future systems will autonomously gather and organize documents for case reviews, monitor progress toward policy goals, or detect anomalous patterns in regulatory data to present to inspectors. Rather than automating isolated tasks, a larger portion of the workflow&#8212;from information retrieval to initial contextual analysis&#8212;will be carried out by agents, allowing human professionals to focus on verification, strategic choice, and democratic accountability.</p><p>The principle of <strong>looping</strong> could become crucial for adaptive policy-making. AI systems can continuously track policy impacts, ingest real-time data, and simulate alternative intervention strategies. Within democratically established boundaries, they can propose adjustments: indicating where targets remain achievable, where current measures are falling short, and where additional focus is required. This allows policy to become less static and more iterative without removing human decision-making from the process.</p><p>Ultimately, the long-term vision points toward government-wide <strong>tooling</strong>. Instead of every agency building bespoke solutions, generative building blocks can be established as shared utilities: standard models, templates, governance frameworks, and supporting infrastructure accessible to departments, municipalities, and executive agencies alike. Imagine a generic archiving assistant for public records, a shared registry for tracking and auditing algorithms, or a centralized text and policy assistant for the entire civil service. This approach will allow government to operate more efficiently, share knowledge seamlessly, and better ensure that public values and constitutional safeguards are systematically embedded across all applications.</p><p><strong>4. Boundaries and How to Overcome Them</strong></p><p>The deployment of coding, prompting, agents, looping, and tooling within the public sector takes shape within explicit boundaries. These guardrails span legal frameworks, ethical standards, organizational structures, and workforce competencies. Crucially, these boundaries should not be viewed as roadblocks, but rather as design parameters that dictate how government can scale AI responsibly.</p><p><strong>Legal and Ethical Guardrails</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Legal Compliance:</strong> Applications must strictly comply with privacy regulations, non-discrimination principles, transparency requirements, and legal provisions surrounding automated decision-making. This requires total clarity on what data is used, how long it is retained, exactly how an algorithm operates, and the precise role a human plays in the final decision. Citizens also retain the right to know when AI has been used and to request a human review of any decision affecting them.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ethical Considerations:</strong> AI systems can easily reinforce existing inequalities if they are trained on biased data or if risk-selection models systematically target specific groups. Furthermore, the institutional legitimacy of public decisions faces scrutiny if the underlying logic of an output remains opaque. Consequently, the design and implementation of these systems must explicitly prioritize values like fairness, explainability, and human dignity over mere efficiency or cost reduction.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Organizational Boundaries</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Governance and Structure:</strong> Classic project and budget logic&#8212;characterized by rigidly predefined plans, fixed scopes, and multi-year budgets&#8212;is fundamentally misaligned with the iterative, experimental nature of agents and looping. Additionally, many organizations struggle to determine where AI &#8220;belongs&#8221;: within the IT department, policy units, operations, or legal and compliance teams. This ambiguity frequently leads to fragmentation, resulting in pilots that fail to achieve long-term adoption.</p></li><li><p><strong>The Solution:</strong> Clear governance is essential. Ownership over data, algorithms, and models must be explicitly assigned. Multidisciplinary teams&#8212;uniting policy, operations, data science, IT, and legal expertise&#8212;are critical to ensuring applications are legally, technically, and socially viable. Furthermore, structural AI adoption demands permanent operational budgets for maintenance and continuous development, moving past a reliance on temporary innovation funds.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Competencies and Culture</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Skill Gaps:</strong> Working alongside AI requires entirely new skill sets. Employees must learn to write effective prompts, interpret and audit AI outputs, and deeply understand the limitations and risks inherent in algorithmic models. At the same time, a understandable caution exists within many organizations, fueled by high-profile data incidents and critical public debates regarding government data use.</p></li><li><p><strong>Cultural Shifts:</strong> This caution is healthy, provided it does not paralyze controlled experimentation. For long-term success, organizations must invest heavily in education and training, foster internal communities of practice, and provide accessible, practical tools (such as manuals, prompt libraries, and assessment frameworks) to guide safe usage. Leadership plays a decisive role here: executives and boards must grant permission to innovate while remaining unambiguous about what is and isn&#8217;t acceptable.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Boundaries as Design Frameworks</strong></p><p>Crucially, these boundaries serve as valuable design frameworks rather than obstacles. They force organizations to make deliberate choices regarding objectives, data inputs, operational roles, and accountability. By establishing from the outset why an application is necessary, which public values take priority, and how oversight will be managed, organizations build systems that are both safer and more robust. This structured approach allows governance to move confidently toward advanced agents, looping, and comprehensive tooling while safeguarding the core values of the democratic rule of law.</p><p>The most practical path forward is to start small and transparently: begin with tightly scoped use cases, thoroughly document every step, involve citizens and professionals in both design and evaluation, and rely on reusable building blocks for both technology and governance. By treating operational boundaries as guardrails, the public sector can responsibly guide the evolution from coding to tooling.</p><p><strong>Appendix: Handboek References</strong></p><p><strong>Sources Part 1 &#8211; Fast-Paced Developments</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>OECD &#8211; Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector (OPSI)</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://oecd-opsi.org/work-areas/ai/">http://oecd-opsi.org/work-areas/ai/</a></p><p>Comprehensive OECD hub containing multiple reports and case studies on AI in the public sector, focusing on functions, capabilities, and maturity levels.</p><ul><li><p><strong>OECD &#8211; Governing with Artificial Intelligence</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://www.oecd.org/en/publications/governing-with-artificial-intelligence_26324bc2-en.html">http://www.oecd.org/en/publications/governing-with-artificial-intelligence_26324bc2-en.html</a></p><p>Report examining how governments deploy AI in their core functions, the associated opportunities and risks, and required governance adaptations.</p><ul><li><p><strong>World Bank &#8211; Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector: Summary Note</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/746721616045333426/pdf/Artificial-Intelligence-in-the-Public-Sector-Summary-Note.pdf">http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/746721616045333426/pdf/Artificial-Intelligence-in-the-Public-Sector-Summary-Note.pdf</a></p><p>Concise synthesis of AI usage patterns in the public sector (service delivery, internal processes, policy) and primary implementation challenges.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Implications of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Public Governance</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://research.tudelft.nl/en/publications/implications-of-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence-in-public-gove">http://research.tudelft.nl/en/publications/implications-of-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence-in-public-gove</a></p><p>Academic article featuring a systematic review of AI in public governance alongside a research agenda for future development.</p><ul><li><p><strong>A Structured Literature Review on AI Implementation in the Public Sector</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstreams/4defd1f3-8fbb-43b6-829f-ae918587ce64/download">http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstreams/4defd1f3-8fbb-43b6-829f-ae918587ce64/download</a></p><p>Literature review focusing on AI implementation in the public sector, analyzing drivers, barriers, and project outcomes.</p><p><strong>Sources Part 2 &#8211; Examples and Applications</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Deloitte &#8211; AI around the world: Government AI Case Studies</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://www.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/government-public-sector-services/global-government-ai-case-studies.html">http://www.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/government-public-sector-services/global-government-ai-case-studies.html</a></p><p>Collection of international AI use cases emphasizing process automation, citizen interaction, and data analysis.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Deloitte &#8211; Government and Public Services AI Dossier</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://www.deloitte.com/us/en/what-we-do/capabilities/applied-artificial-intelligence/articles/ai-dossier-government-public-services.html">http://www.deloitte.com/us/en/what-we-do/capabilities/applied-artificial-intelligence/articles/ai-dossier-government-public-services.html</a></p><p>Sector-by-sector dossier (covering healthcare, transport, justice, tax, etc.) detailing concrete AI applications, objectives, and organizational impact.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Deloitte &#8211; Gen AI use case: Virtual Civil Servant</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://www.deloitte.com/nl/en/what-we-do/case-studies-collection/virtual-civil-servant.html">http://www.deloitte.com/nl/en/what-we-do/case-studies-collection/virtual-civil-servant.html</a></p><p>Case study of a generative AI-driven &#8220;virtual civil servant&#8221; acting as a public interface, illustrating agent-like and generative workflows.</p><ul><li><p><strong>ICF &#8211; AI in Government Use Cases</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://www.icf.com/insights/analytics/ai-government-use-cases">http://www.icf.com/insights/analytics/ai-government-use-cases</a></p><p>Overview of public sector AI applications (decision support, anomaly detection, generative content) that mirror commercial business patterns.</p><ul><li><p><strong>GAO &#8211; Artificial Intelligence: Generative AI Technologies and Their Commercial Applications</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://news.usni.org/2024/06/21/gao-report-on-generative-ai-and-commercial-applications">http://news.usni.org/2024/06/21/gao-report-on-generative-ai-and-commercial-applications</a></p><p>U.S. Government Accountability Office report detailing generative AI, commercial applications across industries, and attendant risks and rewards.</p><p><strong>Sources Part 3 &#8211; The Public Sector Now and Tomorrow</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>OECD &#8211; Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector (OPSI)</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://oecd-opsi.org/work-areas/ai/">http://oecd-opsi.org/work-areas/ai/</a></p><p>International case studies regarding AI usage in public service delivery, regulatory oversight, policy-making, and internal operations.</p><ul><li><p><strong>OECD &#8211; G7 Toolkit for Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://www.oecd.org/en/publications/g7-toolkit-for-artificial-intelligence-in-the-public-sector_421c1244-en.html">http://www.oecd.org/en/publications/g7-toolkit-for-artificial-intelligence-in-the-public-sector_421c1244-en.html</a></p><p>Operational toolkit designed to translate AI principles into concrete policies and projects, featuring numerous public sector examples.</p><ul><li><p><strong>World Bank &#8211; Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector: Summary Note</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/746721616045333426/pdf/Artificial-Intelligence-in-the-Public-Sector-Summary-Note.pdf">http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/746721616045333426/pdf/Artificial-Intelligence-in-the-Public-Sector-Summary-Note.pdf</a></p><p>Outlines specific public functions leveraging AI alongside emerging deployment patterns visible globally.</p><ul><li><p><strong>UNESCO &#8211; AI in the Public Sector (Global AI Ethics and Governance Observatory)</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://www.unesco.org/ethics-ai/en/node/334">http://www.unesco.org/ethics-ai/en/node/334</a></p><p>Compendium of public sector AI initiatives, highlighting transparency, accountability, participatory design, and public auditing frameworks.</p><ul><li><p><strong>AI-Driven Innovation and Collaboration in Public Services</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://proceedings.open.tudelft.nl/DGO2025/article/view/950">http://proceedings.open.tudelft.nl/DGO2025/article/view/950</a></p><p>Rapid review of public service AI applications, offering a taxonomy of application types, supported administrative tasks, and impacts on public innovation.</p><p><strong>Sources Part 4 &#8211; Guardrails, Ethics, and Governance</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>UK Government &#8211; Data and AI Ethics Framework</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://www.gov.uk/government/publications/data-ethics-framework">http://www.gov.uk/government/publications/data-ethics-framework</a></p><p>Set of guiding principles and practical prompts designed to ensure responsible data and AI utilization across public sector bodies.</p><ul><li><p><strong>UK Government &#8211; Data ethics and AI guidance landscape</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://www.gov.uk/guidance/data-ethics-and-ai-guidance-landscape">http://www.gov.uk/guidance/data-ethics-and-ai-guidance-landscape</a></p><p>Comprehensive mapping of British guidelines, toolkits, and ethical standards relevant to public sector data operations.</p><ul><li><p><strong>UK Government &#8211; Artificial Intelligence Playbook for the UK Government</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-playbook-for-the-uk-government/artificial-intelligence-playbook-for-the-uk-government">http://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-playbook-for-the-uk-government/artificial-intelligence-playbook-for-the-uk-government</a></p><p>Strategic playbook outlining steps, operational roles, and core principles for launching safe and effective central government AI projects.</p><ul><li><p><strong>UK Ministry of Justice &#8211; AI and Data Science Ethics Framework</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ministry-of-justice-ai-and-data-science-ethics-framework">http://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ministry-of-justice-ai-and-data-science-ethics-framework</a></p><p>Sector-specific ethical framework providing lifecycle guidance and practical tools for data science projects within the justice system.</p><ul><li><p><strong>World Bank &#8211; Building Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/835c80aa-0a3b-40c4-824e-d8d6ed831e98">http://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/835c80aa-0a3b-40c4-824e-d8d6ed831e98</a></p><p>Technical brief outlining how public institutions can engineer trustworthy AI through robust governance, transparency, and human-in-the-loop oversight.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Inter-American Development Bank &#8211; Responsible Use of AI for Public Policy: Data Science Toolkit</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="http://publications.iadb.org/publications/english/document/Responsible-use-of-AI-for-public-policy-Data-science-toolkit.pdf">http://publications.iadb.org/publications/english/document/Responsible-use-of-AI-for-public-policy-Data-science-toolkit.pdf</a></p><p>Practical toolkit containing compliance checklists, model cards, and data profiling templates for policy-oriented AI applications.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Artificial Intelligence and Public Standards (Committee on Standards in Public Life)</strong></p></li></ul><p><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Ffuturium%2Fen%2Feuropean-ai-alliance%2Fartificial-intelligence-and-public-standards-review-committee-standards-public-life">http://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/european-ai-alliance/artificial-intelligence-and-public-standards-review-committee-standards-public-life</a></p><p>Independent review examining AI&#8217;s intersection with public integrity standards, offering explicit recommendations for transparency and accountability.<br><br></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Een speelse defensiemachine]]></title><description><![CDATA[Wanneer een onschuldig spel oefenen met oorlog wordt]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/een-speelse-defensiemachine</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/een-speelse-defensiemachine</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 19 Jun 2026 05:56:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eudz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524bf8e3-95df-440d-bc04-c16c8ac353ab_1306x1204.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eudz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524bf8e3-95df-440d-bc04-c16c8ac353ab_1306x1204.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eudz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524bf8e3-95df-440d-bc04-c16c8ac353ab_1306x1204.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eudz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524bf8e3-95df-440d-bc04-c16c8ac353ab_1306x1204.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eudz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524bf8e3-95df-440d-bc04-c16c8ac353ab_1306x1204.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eudz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524bf8e3-95df-440d-bc04-c16c8ac353ab_1306x1204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eudz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524bf8e3-95df-440d-bc04-c16c8ac353ab_1306x1204.png" width="1306" height="1204" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/524bf8e3-95df-440d-bc04-c16c8ac353ab_1306x1204.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1204,&quot;width&quot;:1306,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1257232,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/i/202681145?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524bf8e3-95df-440d-bc04-c16c8ac353ab_1306x1204.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eudz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524bf8e3-95df-440d-bc04-c16c8ac353ab_1306x1204.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eudz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524bf8e3-95df-440d-bc04-c16c8ac353ab_1306x1204.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eudz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524bf8e3-95df-440d-bc04-c16c8ac353ab_1306x1204.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eudz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F524bf8e3-95df-440d-bc04-c16c8ac353ab_1306x1204.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Waar ligt de grens, vroeg <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jochem Immerzeel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:9251866,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb2249a6-58f7-487d-b58d-d09742920f9f_832x832.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;887a69c4-2810-4bfe-8a03-56a9933242a9&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span>, &#8220;wanneer de speelsheid van het spel zo wordt ingezet voor de logica van de defensiemachine? En wanneer houdt technologie op een instrument te zijn en wordt het dwang?&#8221;</p><p>Zie: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jun/18/taiwan-citizens-learn-fly-pilot-drones-courses-china?">Taiwan, drones en kinderen</a><br><br></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p><strong>Deel 1 &#8211; Aanloop</strong><br></p><p>We komen net uit een nare coronatijd. Die periode liet zien hoe kwetsbaar we zijn, maar ook hoe belangrijk veerkracht is. Niet alleen lichamelijk, maar vooral mentaal: omgaan met angst, eenzaamheid, het wegvallen van de gewone dingen. Corona was een harde, maar heldere les in weerbaarheid.</p><p>In werk is het eigenlijk hetzelfde verhaal. Je rekent niet op eeuwig succes. Je houdt rekening met tegenwind, je hebt een plan B, je blijft leren en nieuwe paden verkennen. Dat is waar Darwin met &#8220;survival of the fittest&#8221; op wijst: niet de sterkste blijft over, maar degene die zich weet aan te passen. Dat geldt priv&#233;, maar net zo goed professioneel.</p><p>Die manier van kijken schuift bijna vanzelf door naar technologie. We leven in een tijd waarin alles met tech doordrenkt is: economie, zorg, onderwijs, communicatie. En in oorlog geldt dat nog sterker: zonder drones is moderne oorlogsvoering bijna niet meer voor te stellen. Wie dan zegt &#8220;ik doe niet aan technologie&#8221;, kan dat moreel mooi vinden, maar maakt zich in de praktijk afhankelijk van anderen. Niet omdat iedereen alles leuk moet vinden, maar omdat weigeren te begrijpen je macht uit handen slaat.</p><p>Vanuit dat weerbaarheidsdenken is het logisch dat we met technologie oefenen. Je traint niet alleen spieren, maar ook systemen en scenario&#8217;s. In bedrijven met simulaties en AI, in de veiligheidswereld met crisisoefeningen, cyberdrills en drones. Als je technologie helemaal buiten houdt, snij je jezelf af van mogelijkheden om iets te doen als het spannend wordt.</p><p>Tegelijk gebeurt er nog iets anders: technologie vergroot je kracht. Met digitale middelen kun je met weinig mensen veel invloed hebben. Dat geldt voor AI in een organisatie, maar ook voor drones in een oorlog. Met een relatief simpele set-up kun je kijken, volgen en op afstand ingrijpen. En precies daar begint er iets te schuiven. De vraag &#8220;werkt het?&#8221; duwt de vraag &#8220;willen we dit eigenlijk wel?&#8221; naar de achtergrond. Twijfel voelt al snel als een hinderpaal.</p><p>Drones zijn daar het scherpste voorbeeld van. Ze hebben iets onwerkelijks. Je kunt betrokken zijn bij dodelijk geweld terwijl je zelf veilig binnen zit met een controller in je hand. Het slagveld is ver weg, het scherm pal voor je neus. Je zou kunnen zeggen: je kunt in theorie oorlogsmisdaden plegen terwijl je thuis aan de koffie zit.</p><p>Tegelijk geven drones kleinere of zwakkere partijen soms &#252;berhaupt een kans om zich te verdedigen. Landen of groepen zonder grote tanks en vliegtuigen kunnen toch iets tegenover een sterke tegenstander zetten. In recente oorlogen zie je dat drones, juist omdat ze goedkoop en effectief zijn, de krachtsverhoudingen een beetje minder scheef maken. Zonder drones waren sommige conflicten waarschijnlijk nog sneller beslist in het voordeel van de groten.</p><p><strong>Deel 2 &#8211; Taiwan</strong></p><p><br>En dan Taiwan. Daar worden burgers, ook kinderen en jongeren, via cursussen en flightsimulators spelenderwijs klaargestoomd om drones te besturen bij een mogelijk conflict met China. Van buiten ziet het eruit als een leuke activiteit: je leert vliegen met een drone, je speelt met een simulator, het voelt als een videogame met een controller in je hand. Maar onder dat laagje spel zit iets anders: dit zijn vaardigheden die later in een echte oorlog kunnen worden ingezet.</p><p>Vanuit het idee van weerbaarheid is dat nog te volgen. Een samenleving die onder dreiging leeft, wil geen bevolking die alleen maar kan toekijken. Men wil dat burgers iets kunnen: observeren, informatie doorgeven, helpen co&#246;rdineren. Drones en simulators zijn dan een handige manier om snel veel mensen vaardigheden bij te brengen. Vanuit &#8220;wees voorbereid&#8221; en &#8220;pas je aan&#8221; klopt dat simpelweg.</p><p>Maar ondertussen gebeurt er nog iets. De speelsheid van het spel wordt onderdeel van de oorlogslogica. Kinderen en jongeren oefenen in een setting die voelt als ontspanning, maar inhoudelijk gaat het gewoon over oorlog. De stap naar &#8220;meehelpen&#8221; wordt kleiner. Niet omdat iemand ze dwingt, maar omdat het leuk is, spannend, technisch interessant. De echte zwaarte &#8211; dat het later om echte mensen en echte doden kan gaan &#8211; past niet bij hun leeftijd.</p><p>Spel, dat eigenlijk bedoeld is om vrij te kunnen proberen en leren, krijgt zo een andere kleur. Wie als kind leert dat het normaal is om via een scherm een stuk lucht of land te &#8220;bedienen&#8221;, schuift bijna ongemerkt op naar het idee dat je later ook zo een rol hebt in een echt conflict. En precies daar wringt het met het beeld van de burger als vrij mens: iemand die kan nadenken, twijfelen en &#8220;nee&#8221; zeggen, niet alleen iemand die handig is met een controller.</p><p><strong>Deel 3 &#8211; Het vonnis</strong></p><p><br>Nu het verdict. Heel zwart-wit gezegd: is dit trainen met drones door kinderen goed of slecht? Wat zegt de wetenschap &#8211; ja of nee?</p><p>Als het gaat om kinderen + spel + drones + mogelijke oorlog, zijn de meeste wetenschappers behoorlijk duidelijk. <br><br>+  Pedagogen zeggen: laat kinderen vooral spelend leren met techniek, maar maak van oorlog voeren geen spel. Onderzoekers van games en media zien: voor volwassenen kun je met serieuze simulaties soms goed trainen, als je eerlijk bent over het doel en ook het ethische gesprek voert. Voor jongeren waarschuwen ze juist voor games die hen stap voor stap richting militair denken duwen.</p><p>+ Militaire denkers zeggen: ja, dit soort middelen heb je nodig als je mensen goed wilt voorbereiden op moderne conflicten. Maar zij zien &#243;&#243;k dat de drempel om geweld te gebruiken daardoor lager kan worden en dat het gevoel van persoonlijke verantwoordelijkheid kan vervagen. <br><br>+  Techniekfilosofen en -ethici wijzen erop dat je kinderen zo al vroeg in een rol duwt: niet als burger die kan kiezen, maar als iemand die bruikbaar moet zijn voor het systeem. <br><br>+ En politieke denkers zien het risico van een samenleving die haar jeugd eigenlijk permanent in een soort stille oorlogsstand zet.</p><p>Gelijkspel?<br><br></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Nieuwsgierigheid zonder cynisme]]></title><description><![CDATA[Over Hockney, technologie en de kunst om scherp te blijven kijken]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/nieuwsgierigheid-zonder-cynisme</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/nieuwsgierigheid-zonder-cynisme</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 05:41:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t_E8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cf33491-07da-434a-8bbe-d6ece3ba715a_2048x2048.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t_E8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cf33491-07da-434a-8bbe-d6ece3ba715a_2048x2048.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t_E8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cf33491-07da-434a-8bbe-d6ece3ba715a_2048x2048.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t_E8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cf33491-07da-434a-8bbe-d6ece3ba715a_2048x2048.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t_E8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cf33491-07da-434a-8bbe-d6ece3ba715a_2048x2048.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t_E8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cf33491-07da-434a-8bbe-d6ece3ba715a_2048x2048.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t_E8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cf33491-07da-434a-8bbe-d6ece3ba715a_2048x2048.png" width="1456" height="1456" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t_E8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cf33491-07da-434a-8bbe-d6ece3ba715a_2048x2048.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t_E8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cf33491-07da-434a-8bbe-d6ece3ba715a_2048x2048.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t_E8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cf33491-07da-434a-8bbe-d6ece3ba715a_2048x2048.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t_E8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cf33491-07da-434a-8bbe-d6ece3ba715a_2048x2048.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jochem Immerzeel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:9251866,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb2249a6-58f7-487d-b58d-d09742920f9f_832x832.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;63379789-3b72-4b5c-a7ed-89943c5c9617&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span>,</p><p>Je vroeg, naar aanleiding van het overlijden van David Hockney, hoe iemand tot het einde nieuwsgierig kan blijven zonder cynisch te worden, en hoe technologie een instrument kan blijven in plaats van de baas te worden.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Ik weet eerlijk gezegd niet veel van Hockney. Ik ken zijn naam en een paar van die beelden van zwembaden en fel licht, maar verder wist ik weinig. Dus ik heb hem eerst opgezocht. Dan zie je: Britse kunstenaar, 1937&#8211;2026, bekend door schilderijen van zwembaden, interieurs, portretten en landschappen. En in de loop van zijn carri&#232;re werkte hij niet alleen met verf, maar ook met fotografie, fotocollages, fax, video en later met iPhone en iPad. Wat daarbij opvalt: zijn onderwerpen blijven ruwweg hetzelfde &#8211; licht, ruimte, perspectief, tijd, mensen in een ruimte &#8211; terwijl de middelen veranderen. Hij beantwoordt blijkbaar dezelfde fundamentele vragen steeds opnieuw, maar dan via een ander medium. Mooie truc, eigenlijk. Naarmate hij meer ervaring had met schilderen, fotografie of perspectief, werd hij gevoeliger voor wat elk middel n&#237;et kan.</p><p>Dat zie je als je het uit elkaar trekt. Een schilderij biedt veel vrijheid, maar blijft een stilstaand vlak. Een foto registreert scherp, maar altijd vanuit &#233;&#233;n standpunt en &#233;&#233;n moment. Collages kunnen dat doorbreken door meerdere beelden te combineren, maar roepen weer andere vragen op: wat is nog &#233;&#233;n beeld, wat is tijd, wat is perspectief? Digitale middelen maken snelheid en herhaling mogelijk, maar veranderen de verhouding tussen hand, oppervlak en correctie: je kunt eindeloos terug, laag over laag werken, direct reageren. Het is steeds dezelfde beweging: meer weten van een middel leidt niet tot &#8220;nu is het af&#8221;, maar tot beter zien waar het middel tekortschiet &#8211; en dus tot nieuwe nieuwsgierigheid.</p><p>Dan cynisme. Mijn eerste reactie daarop is tamelijk simpel: ik ben niet goed in cynisch zijn. &#8220;Waarom zou je cynisch worden?&#8221; is geen retoriek, dat is echt hoe ik erin zit. Het is interessant om even te kijken hoe je dat wat strakker kunt uitleggen zonder in vakjargon te verdrinken.</p><p>Een bruikbaar onderscheid is dit: cynisme is iets anders dan kritiek of scepsis. Kritiek wijst een concreet probleem aan: hier klopt iets niet, daar is het inconsistent. Scepsis houdt het oordeel even op: eerst meer informatie, dan pas een conclusie. Cynisme doet iets anders: het gaat er vrij snel van uit dat achter idealen, beleid, innovatie of grote woorden uiteindelijk toch vooral eigenbelang, fa&#231;ade of machtsbehoud schuilgaat. Dat heeft aantrekkingskracht. Cynisme geeft overzicht: je hebt &#233;&#233;n verhaal voor veel situaties. Het biedt ook bescherming: als je weinig verwacht, valt het minder tegen. En het kan slim lijken: wie snel &#8220;doorziet&#8221; wat er speelt, komt over als scherp en ongevoelig voor mooie praatjes.</p><p>Maar daar zit ook de zwakke plek. Cynisme lijkt verdieping van inzicht, terwijl het in de praktijk vaak versmalling van waarneming is. Vanuit de psychologie kun je dat goed uitleggen. Een kernbegrip is confirmation bias: de neiging om vooral datgene op te merken en serieus te nemen wat je bestaande overtuigingen bevestigt. Cynisme versterkt dat: als je eenmaal gelooft dat achter alles &#8220;toch hetzelfde spel&#8221; zit, ga je nieuwe situaties vooral lezen als nieuwe voorbeelden van dat spel. Je ziet nog steeds wat er niet klopt, maar je ziet minder goed waar iets afwijkt, waar het ingewikkelder is, of waar er w&#233;l iets oprechts of nieuws gebeurt. Je oordeel wordt sneller, maar je blik grover. Dat is &#233;&#233;n van de redenen waarom ik er niet goed in ben: het helpt me niet beter te zien, alleen sneller af te serveren.</p><p>En dan de technologie. Technologie is zelden simpel &#8220;gereedschap&#8221; in de zin van een hamer. Al heel lang wordt erop gewezen dat middelen niet alleen uitvoeren wat wij bedenken, maar ook mee bepalen hoe de wereld voor ons verschijnt. Een camera laat anders zien dan een schetsboek. Een synthesizer maakt andere klanken mogelijk dan een piano. Een iPad verandert tekenen: de snelheid, het gladde scherm, de undo&#8209;knop, lagen, kleurkeuze. Technologie is dus niet onschuldig; ze draait mee aan de knoppen van wat zichtbaar, hoorbaar en denkbaar is.</p><p>De vraag is daarom niet &#243;f technologie invloed heeft, maar wanneer zij hulpmiddel blijft en wanneer zij de norm wordt. Een werkbare vuistregel is deze: technologie blijft instrument zolang mensen vier dingen in handen houden &#8211; de vraag, de interpretatie, het tempo en de mogelijkheid tot correctie.</p><p>&#8211; De vraag: jij bepaalt wat je wilt onderzoeken of bereiken. Niet &#8220;we doen dit omdat de tool dat zo aanreikt&#8221;, maar &#8220;we gebruiken deze tool om deze vraag te verkennen&#8221;.<br>&#8211; De interpretatie: jij weegt de uitkomst. De output is input voor denken, geen einduitspraak.<br>&#8211; Het tempo: jij kunt vertragen, pauzeren, versnellen. De logica van &#8220;real&#8209;time&#8221;, &#8220;altijd aan&#8221; is niet vanzelfsprekend.<br>&#8211; De correctie: er is principieel een alternatief denkbaar; je zou, als het moet, een andere route kunnen nemen.</p><p>Hier moet ik zelf altijd aan Stevie Wonder denken, die in de jaren zeventig met de meletron werkte, als een van de voorlopers. Die technologie vergrootte zijn mogelijkheden enorm: nieuwe klanken, meer lagen, een breder palet. Maar hij bleef degene die componeerde, structureerde en betekenis gaf. De synthesizer voegde iets toe; hij verving de muzikant niet. Het bleef soul, ondanks alle elektronica. Dat is voor mij het mooiste voorbeeld van technologie die zichtbaar aanwezig is, maar toch duidelijk instrument blijft.</p><p>Hetzelfde onderscheid kun je op andere terreinen zien. Een arts kan beeldherkenning en beslissingsondersteuning gebruiken, maar de diagnose blijft een combinatie van machine&#8209;output, lichamelijk onderzoek en gesprek. Een architect kan parametrische software inzetten om ontwerpvarianten te genereren, maar beslist zelf welke vorm ruimtelijk en maatschappelijk klopt. Een schrijver kan digitale hulpmiddelen gebruiken om te ordenen of te herschrijven, maar bewaakt zelf de argumentatie en de toon. In al die gevallen schuurt technologie tegen de grens, maar ze kruist die niet zolang de vraag en het oordeel bij mensen blijven.</p><p>Als ik jouw vraag zo terugleg, dan is dit voor mij de kern van mijn antwoord aan je:<br>&#8211; Hockney laat zien dat veel weten niet hoeft te leiden tot dichtslibben; het kan ook leiden tot een preciezere vorm van nieuwsgierigheid.<br>&#8211; Cynisme is begrijpelijk, maar als vaste houding mager: je ziet minder en je doet minder. Ik ben daar niet goed in, en ik ben blij dat ik dat niet ben.<br>&#8211; Technologie is een krachtig instrument, zolang de vraag, de interpretatie, het tempo en de mogelijkheid tot correctie bij mensen blijven. Waar dat verschuift, wordt het spannend.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tien jaar Brexit]]></title><description><![CDATA[Wat overblijft van een belofte]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/tien-jaar-brexit</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/tien-jaar-brexit</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2026 06:08:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QClk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcff62eab-921c-4273-ab9c-e73678c488ce_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QClk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcff62eab-921c-4273-ab9c-e73678c488ce_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QClk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcff62eab-921c-4273-ab9c-e73678c488ce_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QClk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcff62eab-921c-4273-ab9c-e73678c488ce_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QClk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcff62eab-921c-4273-ab9c-e73678c488ce_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QClk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcff62eab-921c-4273-ab9c-e73678c488ce_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QClk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcff62eab-921c-4273-ab9c-e73678c488ce_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QClk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcff62eab-921c-4273-ab9c-e73678c488ce_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QClk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcff62eab-921c-4273-ab9c-e73678c488ce_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QClk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcff62eab-921c-4273-ab9c-e73678c488ce_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QClk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcff62eab-921c-4273-ab9c-e73678c488ce_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Dit vraagt <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jochem Immerzeel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:9251866,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb2249a6-58f7-487d-b58d-d09742920f9f_832x832.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;cef744f1-c453-47f0-a31a-33e606bca97d&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> weer van mij, een stevige vraag!<br><br><em>Het is deze maand namelijk exact tien jaar geleden dat de Britse bevolking moest kiezen tijdens het Brexit-referendum. De Britse kiezer was de macht van Brussel spuugzat, het resultaat we vertrekken.</em></p><p><em>Maar nu, tien jaar later, zit het Verenigd Koninkrijk politiek en economisch muurvast. Hoe kijk jij na tien jaar naar dit dossier?</em><br><br>Tien jaar na het Brexit-referendum kunnen we &#233;&#233;n ding rustig zeggen: het vertrek van het Verenigd Koninkrijk uit de Europese Unie is niet de bevrijdingsactie geworden die kiezers was beloofd. De Britten waren &#8220;Brussel&#8221; spuugzat en stemden voor vertrek. Maar tien jaar later zit het land gevangen in een eigen spagaat: op papier soeverein, in de praktijk verzwakt, verdeeld en met minder invloed dan vroeger.</p><p><strong>Hoe het begon: campagne, jongeren en onvrede</strong></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>De Brexit-campagne was vanaf het begin vooral emotioneel, niet rationeel. Leuzen als &#8220;Take back control&#8221; en de grote rode bus met extra miljarden voor de NHS werden eindeloos herhaald. Moeilijke economische gevolgen verdwenen naar de achtergrond. De EU werd neergezet als een anonieme, bemoeizuchtige macht die de Britse democratie in de houdgreep had. Zo&#8217;n eenvoudig vijandbeeld werkt: het geeft mensen een duidelijk &#8220;wij tegen zij&#8221;-gevoel.</p><p>De kloof tussen generaties viel daarbij op. Jongeren waren meestal tegen Brexit, maar gingen minder stemmen dan ouderen. Voor veel jongeren voelde het referendum als &#8220;weer zo&#8217;n politiek moment&#8221;, belangrijk maar niet levensbepalend. Ironisch genoeg verloren juist zij als eerste hun vanzelfsprekende vrijheden: studeren, werken en wonen in de EU.</p><p>Onder de campagne zat een diepere frustratie. Jaren van stagnerende lonen, harde bezuinigingen en achterblijvende regio&#8217;s hadden veel woede opgebouwd. In plaats van naar Londen te kijken, wees de politiek naar Brussel. Voor veel kiezers werd het referendum daardoor minder een technische keuze over handel, en meer een kans om het politieke establishment een tik uit te delen.</p><p><strong>Politiek Verenigd Koninkrijk: vastgelopen in eigen verhaal</strong></p><p>Sindsdien is het Verenigd Koninkrijk politiek nooit echt uit de kramp gekomen. De breuklijn van 2016 loopt dwars door partijen, families en regio&#8217;s. De Conservatieven raakten verstrikt in eindeloze discussies over varianten van Brexit &#8211; &#8220;hard&#8221;, &#8220;soft&#8221;, &#8220;pragmatisch&#8221; &#8211; en besteden nog steeds veel energie aan interne vrede. Labour probeert ondertussen zowel de Leave-stemmer in oude industriegebieden als de pro-Europese stedeling te bedienen. Iedereen zegt dat het &#8220;tijd is om vooruit te kijken&#8221;, maar bijna niemand durft echt de fundamenten van Brexit ter discussie te stellen.</p><p><strong>Economie: geen klap, wel een blijvende deuk</strong></p><p>Economisch gezien is er geen totale ineenstorting geweest, maar wel iets sluipenders: een blijvende groeivertraging. De Britse economie draait nog, maar de meeste serieuze analyses komen uit op hetzelfde: het land is kleiner en minder welvarend dan het zonder Brexit zou zijn geweest.</p><p>De relatie met de EU is ook zichtbaar verslechterd. Handel met de interne markt is ingewikkelder, duurder en administratief zwaarder geworden. Vooral kleine en middelgrote bedrijven lopen vast in formulieren, certificaten en grenscontroles. Waar Europa vroeger een interne markt was, is het nu weer buitenland, met alle extra rompslomp die daarbij hoort. Tegelijk hebben internationale bedrijven delen van hun activiteiten verhuisd naar steden als Amsterdam, Parijs en Frankfurt om zeker te zijn van toegang tot de EU-markt.</p><p>Op de arbeidsmarkt zie je iets vergelijkbaars. Sectoren die sterk leunden op arbeidsmigranten uit de EU &#8211; zorg, landbouw, logistiek, horeca &#8211; kampen met hardnekkige personeelstekorten. De belofte was: minder migratie en meer kansen voor &#8220;eigen mensen&#8221;. De praktijk: veel openstaande vacatures, hoge werkdruk en hooguit beperkt voordeel voor sommige groepen. De migratie is niet verdwenen, maar verlegd.</p><p><strong>Wat is er eigenlijk gewonnen?</strong></p><p>Dan de vraag: wat heeft het opgeleverd? In theorie heeft het Verenigd Koninkrijk nu meer ruimte om eigen regels te maken en zelfstandig handelsakkoorden te sluiten. Dat klinkt stoer in een speech, maar in de praktijk valt het vaak tegen. Grote bedrijven die zowel in de EU als in het VK actief zijn, kiezen meestal voor &#233;&#233;n set regels: die van de grootste markt &#8211; en dat is de EU.</p><p>Wat w&#233;l is gewonnen, maar moeilijker te meten, is een gevoel van erkenning bij een deel van de bevolking. Mensen die zich jarenlang genegeerd voelden, zagen ineens dat h&#250;n keuze direct regeringsbeleid werd. Dat gaf een echt gevoel van &#8220;we doen ertoe&#8221;. Alleen bleek dat gevoel niet duurzaam. Toen de beloofde welvaartsboost uitbleef en de publieke diensten niet merkbaar beter werden, sloeg trots om in spijt, cynisme of verharding.</p><p><strong>Handelsdromen en de Verenigde Staten</strong></p><p>Een van de grote verkooppunten van Brexit was het beeld van &#8220;Global Britain&#8221;: een zelfverzekerd land dat zelfstandig snel grote handelsakkoorden zou sluiten, met als hoogtepunt een megadeal met de Verenigde Staten. Buiten de EU, zo klonk het, zou de Britse handel eindelijk loskomen van de Brusselse rem.</p><p>In de praktijk viel dat tegen. De VS hadden simpelweg minder haast dan de campagne suggereerde. Andere landen zagen een VK buiten de EU niet langer als toegangspoort tot de interne markt, maar als een op zichzelf staande, middelgrote economie. Ja, er zijn nieuwe afspraken gemaakt, maar de winst is beperkt vergeleken met wat er aan frictieloze handel met de EU verloren ging. Het land dat dacht een grotere speler te worden, leverde juist onderhandelingsmacht in.</p><p><strong>De rol van het VK in de EU: lastig, maar nuttig</strong></p><p>Toen het VK nog EU-lid was, was het een lastige, maar waardevolle partner. Voor Nederland was Londen vaak een natuurlijke bondgenoot: kritisch op te vergaande politieke integratie, scherp op de interne markt en meestal Atlantisch geori&#235;nteerd. Samen met andere Noord-Europese landen vormde het VK een soort &#8220;liberale as&#8221; die tegenwicht bood aan Frans-Duitse plannen voor meer centralisering.</p><p>Met het vertrek van het VK is die balans verschoven. Op sommige dossiers is verdere integratie juist makkelijker geworden, omdat de luidste criticus vertrokken is. Tegelijk ontbreekt een stem die consequent vroeg: wat levert dit op, hoe houden we markten open, hoe blijft de EU verbonden met de rest van de wereld? Voor Nederland betekent dat verlies van een belangrijke partner, en de noodzaak om nieuwe coalities te bouwen &#8211; met minder gewicht dan voorheen.</p><p><strong>De ironie van &#8220;achteraan aansluiten&#8221;</strong></p><p>Extra wrang is de ironie van een mogelijk toekomstscenario. Mocht het Verenigd Koninkrijk ooit terug willen naar de EU, dan wacht geen koninklijke terugkeer, maar de gewone route van een kandidaat-lidstaat. Dat betekent: achteraan aansluiten, voorwaarden accepteren, en geen automatische terugkeer van alle oude uitzonderingsposities.</p><p>Voor de Britse politiek is dat bijna onverteerbaar. Een project dat is verkocht als &#8220;wij pakken de touwtjes weer in handen&#8221; kan dan eindigen in een terugkeer onder strengere voorwaarden en met minder invloed dan voorheen. Maar zo werkt de EU: de regels zijn gezamenlijk, niet &#224; la carte. Wie uitstapt, levert invloed in; wie terug wil, moet zich schikken naar regels die in de tussentijd zonder hem zijn vastgesteld.</p><p><strong>Europa na Brexit: verschillende snelheden</strong></p><p>Brexit heeft de EU niet gebroken, maar wel wakker geschud. In Brussel en in de hoofdsteden is het besef gegroeid dat niet alle landen dezelfde snelheid en ambitie hebben richting &#8220;meer Europa&#8221;. Het idee van een EU met verschillende snelheden &#8211; een kern die verder integreert en daaromheen landen die losser meedoen &#8211; is de afgelopen jaren veel gewoner geworden.</p><p>Tegelijk is de interne dynamiek veranderd. Rond thema&#8217;s als migratie, energie, defensie en rechtsstaat ontstaan steeds vaker wisselende coalities van lidstaten. De scheidslijnen lopen niet meer netjes Noord-Zuid of Oost-West. Dat maakt de EU flexibeler, maar ook ingewikkelder. De les die veel denkers trekken, is dat je geen superstaat voor iedereen tegelijk moet willen, maar w&#233;l stevige afspraken waar dat echt nodig is. Doe je dat niet, dan kan onvrede over &#8220;Brussel&#8221; opnieuw worden aangejaagd door populisten.</p><p><strong>Onderlaag: de psychologie van Brexit</strong></p><p>Onder alle economische en politieke analyses zit een menselijk verhaal. Veel Leave-stemmers komen uit regio&#8217;s en groepen die zich al jaren niet gezien voelden &#8211; door Londen, door Brussel, door &#8220;de elite&#8221; in brede zin. Brexit gaf hun onvrede een concreet doel: hier ging het mis, hier konden ze &#8220;ja&#8221; of &#8220;nee&#8221; tegen zeggen. &#8220;Take back control&#8221; ging niet alleen over grenzen, maar ook over waardigheid en erkenning.</p><p>Mensen die destijds overtuigd v&#243;&#243;r stemden, maar nu dagelijks tegen de nadelen aanlopen, staan voor een lastige keuze: erkennen dat ze verkeerd zijn voorgelicht, of het verhaal koste wat kost blijven verdedigen. Hoe dan ook blijft de emotie onder de oppervlakte aanwezig.</p><p><strong>Onderlaag: economie en tijdgeest</strong></p><p>Brexit past ook in een bredere tijdgeest. Rond dezelfde periode zagen we elders vergelijkbare patronen: de nasleep van de financi&#235;le crisis, jarenlange bezuinigingen, groeiende ongelijkheid, en wantrouwen richting globalisering, internationale organisaties en experts. De verkiezing van Donald Trump, de opkomst van populistische partijen in Europa en de verspreiding van desinformatie online horen bij hetzelfde verhaal. Brexit is de Britse variant van een internationale trend.</p><p>Die context maakt de economische duiding lastig. Corona, geopolitieke spanningen, en schokken in energie- en voedselprijzen lopen allemaal door elkaar. Daardoor is het moeilijk precies aan Brexit toe te schrijven wat er &#8220;misgaat&#8221;, maar duidelijk is wel dat het niet heeft geholpen.</p><p><strong>Lessen voor de toekomst</strong></p><p>Brexit is ook een leerboek-case voor verschillende disciplines. Politicologen wijzen op het risico van een alles-of-niets-referendum over een existenti&#235;le kwestie, beslist met een kleine meerderheid en zonder vangrails. Als zo&#8217;n besluit eenmaal is genomen, is er bijna geen weg terug, ook niet als de stemming in de samenleving later verandert. De manier waarop we besluiten nemen, is dus minstens zo belangrijk als de inhoud.</p><p>Sociologen zien hoe de kloof tussen stad en platteland, hoger- en lageropgeleiden, centrum en periferie, zich vertaalt in stemgedrag en langdurige polarisatie. Communicatiewetenschappers laten zien hoe media, sociale platforms en gerichte campagnes een informatiewereld cre&#235;ren waarin feiten en fictie steeds lastiger te scheiden zijn. In zo&#8217;n omgeving wordt een referendum minder een rationele afweging en meer een cultureel gevecht.</p><p>De belangrijkste les voor toekomstige referenda is vooral deze. Het gaat niet alleen om de vraag die je kiezers voorlegt, maar ook om de conditie van de samenleving: is het publieke debat gezond genoeg, is de informatievoorziening op orde, zijn instituties sterk genoeg om de uitkomst te dragen? Zo niet, dan loop je het risico dat je &#8211; net als het Verenigd Koninkrijk &#8211; tien jaar later terugkijkt op een &#8220;duidelijke&#8221; beslissing die in de praktijk vooral verlies heeft opgeleverd.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[De top van de sport is het spoor bijster]]></title><description><![CDATA[Hoe macht en geld de regie overnemen en echte sportliefhebbers afhaken]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/de-top-van-de-sport-is-het-spoor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/de-top-van-de-sport-is-het-spoor</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 13 Jun 2026 05:52:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7a-V!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b8eb19-e0ed-4d35-a1de-4e1a944c0d3d_1672x941.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7a-V!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b8eb19-e0ed-4d35-a1de-4e1a944c0d3d_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7a-V!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b8eb19-e0ed-4d35-a1de-4e1a944c0d3d_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7a-V!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b8eb19-e0ed-4d35-a1de-4e1a944c0d3d_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7a-V!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b8eb19-e0ed-4d35-a1de-4e1a944c0d3d_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7a-V!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b8eb19-e0ed-4d35-a1de-4e1a944c0d3d_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7a-V!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b8eb19-e0ed-4d35-a1de-4e1a944c0d3d_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7a-V!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b8eb19-e0ed-4d35-a1de-4e1a944c0d3d_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7a-V!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b8eb19-e0ed-4d35-a1de-4e1a944c0d3d_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7a-V!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b8eb19-e0ed-4d35-a1de-4e1a944c0d3d_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7a-V!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03b8eb19-e0ed-4d35-a1de-4e1a944c0d3d_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Van de week had ik een straffe mening over FIFA-president Infantino.<br>De reactie en vraag van <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jochem Immerzeel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:9251866,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb2249a6-58f7-487d-b58d-d09742920f9f_832x832.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;e9c81449-092d-456b-a400-4d9b2d5111ec&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> is: <em>&#8220;Zien we dit gedrag inmiddels niet bij bijna &#225;lle grote internationale sportfederaties en hun leidinggevende figuren terug? Wat is de werkelijke, diepere oorzaak van dit gedrag aan de top? Is het vooral macht, of is de commercie zo ver doorgeschoten dat de sport zelf slechts nog een bijproduct is? En tot slot: zijn de toeschouwers en fans hier eigenlijk wel echt mee bezig?</em></p><p>Voor ik aan een eloquente en diepzinnige beschouwing begin, moet me dit van het hart: die infantiele voorzitter is een enorme paardenlul.<br><br>Zo, dat lucht op. Mijn therapeut zei laatst nog tegen mij: maak van je hart geen moordkuil (want dat is slecht voor je hart).</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Nu de diepzinnige vragen. Ik merk bijzonder weinig oranjekoorts, maar dat kan ook te maken hebben met de falende voorhoede. Persoonlijk ben ik wat aan het afhaken bij dat voetbal. Alhoewel Bayern en Paris SG fantastisch zijn om naar te kijken. Dat heeft met de superhoge kwaliteit van het voetbal te maken, maar ook met de zeer karaktervolle en integere coaches. Ik ben wat dat betreft best old school. Ik hou nog van leiders waar je tegen op kunt kijken, omdat ze je inspireren.</p><p>Bij het basketbal &#8211; die sport is wat mij betreft veel en veel aantrekkelijker &#8211; verloor mijn favoriete club recent van een club met het laagste budget en met de eerste vrouwelijke coach. Die in het begin op scepsis stuitte bij &#8216;stoere&#8217; Yanks, maar het toch wist om te draaien en landskampioen werd. Dat is historie schrijven. Dat is sport met een verhaal.</p><p>Fans zijn niet gek, die voelen ook wanneer iets echt is. Het zit &#8217;m niet eens in de idiotie van het geld. Daar gelden gewoon wetten van de markt; zo&#8217;n voetballer mag van mij best binnenlopen. Maar het is het stuitende gebrek aan integriteit dat ervoor zorgt dat liefhebbers van sport afhaken.</p><p>Infantino zal best een analyse gemaakt hebben, net als Rutte: met wie heb ik te maken en hoe kan ik die man bespelen? Om er vervolgens keihard achter te komen dat ze zelf worden bespeeld.</p><p>En ja Jochem, het gaat niet alleen over &#233;&#233;n corrupte FIFA-baas, maar over een systeem waarin macht, geld en gebrek aan tegenmacht elkaar structureel versterken, waardoor sport als moreel kompas langzaam wegslijt.</p><p>Onder dat alles liggen een paar onderstromen die je overal terugziet, van FIFA tot IOC en ver daarbuiten. Voor de bronnen van deze analyse zie hieronder:</p><p><em>1 De bond als soeverein koninkrijk</em><br><br>Internationale sportbonden zijn keurig georganiseerd als verenigingen of stichtingen, maar functioneren praktisch als autonome machtsblokken met minimale tegenmacht. Landen bieden hen belastingvoordelen, immuniteit en faciliteiten in ruil voor prestige en toernooien &#8211; waardoor bestuurders zich meer als staatshoofden dan als dienende voorzitters gaan gedragen.</p><p><em>2 De commerci&#235;le machine die alles opslokt</em><br><br>Topsport is een miljardenindustrie geworden, gedreven door uitzendrechten, sponsordeals en data, waarin bijna elke beslissing door een financi&#235;le bril wordt bekeken. Daardoor verschuift de logica: niet langer &#8220;wat is goed voor de sport en de sporter?&#8221;, maar &#8220;wat maximaliseert bereik, engagement en omzet?&#8221;. De sport zelf blijft zichtbaar &#8211; shirts, stadions, volksliederen &#8211; maar innerlijk raakt ze uitgehold tot content.</p><p><em>3 Patronage: macht door geld uitdelen</em><br><br>Leiders aan de top houden hun positie niet alleen met speeches, maar met geldstromen. Wie de tv-rechten en toernooien verdeelt, bepaalt welke nationale bonden meedoen, welke projecten doorgaan en wie zich ontwikkelingsgeld mag laten uitkeren. In zo&#8217;n patronagesysteem wordt loyaliteit een verdienmodel: wie knikt, wordt beloond; wie kritisch is, verliest invloed, kansen of simpelweg bestaanszekerheid.</p><p><em>4 Governance die achter de feiten aanloopt</em><br><br>De schaal en snelheid van het geld zijn ge&#235;xplodeerd, maar de manier van besturen is vaak nog dorpsvereniging 2.0. Interne toezichthouders komen uit hetzelfde wereldje, termijnen zijn lang, evaluatie is beperkt en integriteitssystemen zijn vooral papieren tijgers. Zolang schandalen &#8220;incidenten&#8221; heten en niet worden verbonden aan de structuur, blijft het bij cosmetische ingrepen en crisiscommunicatie.</p><p><em>5 Medialogica: spektakel boven betekenis</em><br><br>Sport en media zitten in een innige omhelzing: media hebben spektakel nodig, sportbonden hebben bereik nodig. Het gevolg is een permanente honger naar meer: grotere toernooien, extremere formats, meer wedstrijden, meer prime time &#8211; en dus meer druk om de show door te laten gaan, ongeacht de morele prijs. Bestuurders worden programmamakers: zij moeten ratings beschermen, niet de ziel van de sport.</p><p><em>6 Fans tussen cynisme en hunkering naar echtheid</em><br><br>En dan het publiek. Aan de oppervlakte gaat alles door: volle stadions, shirtverkopen, streamingabonnementen. Maar onder de radar groeit iets anders: moeheid, wantrouwen, een soort gelaten cynisme &#8211; &#8220;zo is het nu eenmaal&#8221;. Tegelijkertijd is de honger naar echtheid enorm: clubs met karakter, coaches die ergens voor staan, verhalen waarin integriteit belangrijker is dan de sponsor op de boarding. </p><p><strong>Verder lezen</strong></p><p>http://www.transparency.org/en/publications/global-corruption-report-sport<br>Over corruptierisico&#8217;s in de sport, governance, geldstromen en grote evenementen.</p><p>http://www.transparency.org/en/news/global-corruption-report-sport<br>Samenvattend artikel met de belangrijkste bevindingen uit dat rapport.</p><p>http://www.transparency.org/en/press/transparency-internationals-global-corruption-report-sport-highlights-scale<br>Persbericht over de schaal van corruptie in de sport en de kwetsbaarheid van federaties.</p><p>http://www.nederlandse-sportraad.nl/documenten/2024/03/15/advies-de-opstelling-aan-de-top<br>Advies van de Nederlandse Sportraad over toekomstbestendig topsportbestuur en integriteit.</p><p>http://www.ecorys.com/nl/case-studies/international-exploration-of-professional-sports-and-media<br>Onderzoek naar de relatie tussen topsport en media, en hoe medialogica de sport be&#239;nvloedt.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Knowledge and Policy]]></title><description><![CDATA[Knowledge and Policy]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/knowledge-and-policy</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/knowledge-and-policy</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2026 09:40:39 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZAw7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c324d1-3bf3-4bdc-b5f0-24a3f0e0a815_1024x559.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZAw7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c324d1-3bf3-4bdc-b5f0-24a3f0e0a815_1024x559.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZAw7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c324d1-3bf3-4bdc-b5f0-24a3f0e0a815_1024x559.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZAw7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c324d1-3bf3-4bdc-b5f0-24a3f0e0a815_1024x559.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZAw7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c324d1-3bf3-4bdc-b5f0-24a3f0e0a815_1024x559.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZAw7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c324d1-3bf3-4bdc-b5f0-24a3f0e0a815_1024x559.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZAw7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c324d1-3bf3-4bdc-b5f0-24a3f0e0a815_1024x559.jpeg" width="1024" height="559" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/05c324d1-3bf3-4bdc-b5f0-24a3f0e0a815_1024x559.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:559,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:49844,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/i/201573087?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c324d1-3bf3-4bdc-b5f0-24a3f0e0a815_1024x559.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZAw7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c324d1-3bf3-4bdc-b5f0-24a3f0e0a815_1024x559.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZAw7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c324d1-3bf3-4bdc-b5f0-24a3f0e0a815_1024x559.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZAw7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c324d1-3bf3-4bdc-b5f0-24a3f0e0a815_1024x559.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZAw7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c324d1-3bf3-4bdc-b5f0-24a3f0e0a815_1024x559.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>1. The Phenomenon</strong></p><p>In policy, knowledge is often seen as something that aids decision-making. Figures provide an overview, analyses reveal patterns, and models help assess developments. That is true, but it is not the whole story. Knowledge not only supports policy but also helps determine how policy views reality. It helps define what is seen as a problem, what is important, and which solutions seem logical or feasible.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Thus, knowledge plays a greater role than is often thought. Policy does not begin with a decision, a regulation, or a program. Much has already happened before that. Problems have been identified, terms have been chosen, groups have been defined, indicators have been established, and methods of measurement have been developed. In that phase, not only is information gathered, but order is also brought to reality. What later appears in policy as &#8220;participation,&#8221; &#8220;security risk,&#8221; &#8220;vulnerability,&#8221; or &#8220;effectiveness&#8221; is therefore never simply a direct reflection of society. It is also the result of choices in language, classification, and interpretation.</p><p>This makes policy knowledge indispensable, but also never entirely neutral. Without simplification and organization, it is nearly impossible to steer complex social issues. At the same time, any form of measurement or categorization means that some things become visible while others remain less so. Not everything of social importance can be captured equally well in figures, records, or policy indicators. Precisely for this reason, knowledge must be viewed not only as description but also as selection. It reveals, but it also omits.</p><p>A simple example illustrates this. If participation is primarily understood as engagement in paid work, a certain policy perspective on society emerges. Other forms of contribution&#8212;informal care, volunteer work, informal assistance, care within families or neighborhoods&#8212;are then given less weight. This is not only a practical choice but also a value judgment. The same applies to words like &#8220;self-reliance&#8221; or &#8220;performance&#8221;: they seem neutral, but they always carry assumptions about what is normal, desirable, or successful.</p><p>Knowledge thus shapes not only the content of policy but also the conditions under which policy is formed. It helps determine which questions are asked, which groups are brought into focus, and which solutions seem plausible. In that sense, knowledge is not a separate building block alongside policy, but an integral part of its structure.</p><ul><li><p>Knowledge not only supports policy but also shapes how policy perceives reality.</p></li><li><p>Indicators, definitions, and categories make social issues manageable.</p></li><li><p>Policy knowledge is necessary, but it is never purely neutral or merely descriptive.</p></li></ul><p><strong>2. The mechanism: how knowledge shapes policy from within</strong></p><p>Once knowledge is captured in indicators, models, records, and accountability systems, it does more than just describe. It also begins to guide behavior. This applies to organizations, to professionals, and ultimately to citizens as well. Knowledge then becomes performative: it not only records what exists but also contributes to the reality that policy targets.</p><p>One way this happens is through performance management. In many parts of the public sector, goals are translated into measurable outcomes, progress indicators, and KPIs. This makes policy more controllable and aids accountability. But it also ensures that organizations increasingly focus on what is visible and quantifiable. This is precisely where a shift can occur: the focus is no longer on the public value itself, but on the indicator chosen to represent it.</p><p>This is evident in various domains. In social policy, the emphasis on exit rates can lead to rapid exit becoming more important than sustainable livelihood security. In education, testing can cause the focus to shift from broad development to test results. In oversight and enforcement, the logic of numbers and records can come to outweigh substantive quality. Formally, the goal remains the same, but in practice, the focus shifts to what is being measured.</p><p>A second mechanism is standardization. To be able to manage and compare on a larger scale, governments and public organizations must work with fixed definitions, uniform categories, and comparable records. This is logical and often necessary. Without standardization, there is little coherence, and accountability becomes difficult. But there is also a downside. Local situations, individual circumstances, and relational dynamics do not always fit neatly into general categories. What is made administratively clear often loses some of its nuance.</p><p>This is where tension arises between the system and practice. Professionals usually work in situations that are more complex than the categories in which they are classified. Their work often requires experience, interpretation, and judgment. As systems become more rigid, that professional leeway comes under pressure. What does not fit well into the registry or indicator becomes harder to account for. What is measurable quickly gains more weight. In this way, a system that was once a tool slowly turns into a standard.</p><p>A third mechanism is that knowledge makes policy seem more technical than it is. Many indicators and models have an objective appearance. This has advantages: they can structure discussions, explain choices, and legitimize decision-making. But that technical form can also obscure the fact that normative choices underlie it. Which outcomes count as success? Which risks are primarily monitored? Which forms of inequality are highlighted, and which are not? When such questions fade into the background, policy appears more neutral than it actually is.</p><p>That does not mean that measuring, recording, or modeling is wrong. Without such tools, modern policymaking would be virtually unthinkable. The point is rather that their effects must be properly understood. They not only provide a grasp of reality, but also change how that reality is viewed and addressed by policymakers.</p><ul><li><p>Knowledge shapes behavior as soon as policy begins to focus on what is measurable.</p></li><li><p>Performance management and standardization make policy manageable, but they can also narrow its scope.</p></li><li><p>The technical form of knowledge can obscure the fact that there are always underlying norms and choices.</p></li></ul><p><strong>3. Alternatives: Toward a More Reflexive Policy Practice</strong></p><p>A critical look at knowledge in policy need not lead to distrust of figures or systems. That would be too simplistic. The public sector cannot function without records, models, evaluations, and indicators. The real question is therefore not whether such tools should disappear, but how they are handled. The alternative is not policy without knowledge infrastructures, but policy that is more conscious of its own ways of knowing, measuring, and organizing.</p><p>A first step is to make more visible the choices embedded in knowledge systems. Indicators, definitions, and categories are often used as if they were self-evident, whereas they are always the result of deliberations. A more reflexive policy practice therefore asks questions such as: why are we measuring this in particular? What behavior does this indicator elicit? What remains out of sight? What norm is hidden in this definition? By taking such questions more seriously, knowledge does not become weaker, but better.</p><p>A second step is to allow different types of knowledge to coexist. Quantitative information is important, but not sufficient. Many policy problems also require qualitative insights, professional experience, implementation knowledge, and a sense of context. This is not a non-binding supplement, but a necessary correction. Especially when it comes to complex social issues, a single dominant knowledge framework almost always provides too narrow a view.</p><p>This also involves a revaluation of professional judgment. In strong systems of governance and accountability, there is a tendency to distrust discretionary leeway. It is seen as too subjective, too difficult to explain, or too hard to compare. Yet that leeway is often indispensable. In many public domains, good work revolves precisely around the ability to sensibly connect rules, goals, and circumstances. No system can fully replace that judgment.</p><p>In addition, taking time is important. In many organizations, the tendency to constantly monitor and make immediate adjustments prevails. This may seem efficient, but it also has a downside: figures are quickly treated as if they speak for themselves. A more reflective practice builds in moments for interpretation. Not every change on a dashboard requires immediate intervention. Sometimes it is more important to first understand exactly what is being made visible, what side effects a metric triggers, and whether the chosen indicator still aligns with the public value one aims to serve.</p><p>Finally, this calls for a more explicit discussion about the norms underlying knowledge. Not to dismiss expertise, but to acknowledge that knowledge can never fully replace policy. Behind measurement tools, risk models, and performance indicators lie choices about what is important, what counts as success, and which differences matter. Good policymaking does not make those choices invisible, but open to discussion.</p><p>This creates a clearer picture of what good policy actually requires. Not the illusion that everything becomes fully controllable once there is enough data, but the realization that policy always oscillates between measuring, interpreting, and judging. That is precisely why a reflexive approach to knowledge is so important. It prevents organizations from confusing their own indicators with reality. It protects against tunnel vision. And it creates space for a form of public rationality that is just enough to guide policy, without pretending that everything can be fully captured in numbers.</p><ul><li><p>The alternative is not to measure less, but to use measurement tools more consciously.</p></li><li><p>Policy quality improves when numbers, practical knowledge, and professional judgment complement one another.</p></li><li><p>Good policymaking requires interpretation, deliberation, and openness about the standards underlying knowledge.</p></li></ul><p><strong>References</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Berten, John. </strong><em><strong>Laboratories of Social Knowledge: How International Organizations Construct Social Policy Through Numbers</strong></em><strong>. </strong>Theoretical work on how numbers, indicators, and classifications help shape policy reality. Useful as background for the relationship between knowledge, classification, and policymaking.<br>http://philpapers.org/rec/BERTDO-73</p></li><li><p><strong>Porter, Theodore M. </strong><em><strong>Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life</strong></em><strong>. </strong>A classic study on the appeal and legitimacy of quantification in governance, science, and public decision-making.<br><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7sp8x">http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7sp8xjstor</a></p></li><li><p><strong>Scott, James C. </strong><em><strong>Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed</strong></em><strong>. </strong>A fundamental book on administrative simplification, readability, and the tension between formal schemes and local practical knowledge.<br><a href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/Seeing-like-a-state-:-how-certain-schemes-to-improve-the-human-condition-have-failed/oclc/37392803">http://search.worldcat.org/title/Seeing-like-a-state-:-how-certain-schemes-to-improve-the-human-condition-have-failed/oclc/37392803search.worldcat</a></p></li><li><p><strong>Muller, Jerry Z. </strong><em><strong>The Tyranny of Metrics</strong></em><strong>. </strong>An analysis of how performance indicators and metric systems can shape behavior and narrow public values .<br>http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvc7743t</p></li><li><p><strong>Noordegraaf, Mirko. </strong><em><strong>Public Management: Performance, Professionalism, and Politics</strong></em><strong>. </strong>A public administration study of the tension between performance management, professionalism, and political considerations in the public sector.<br><a href="https://research-portal.uu.nl/en/publications/public-management-performance-professionalism-and-politics/">http://research-portal.uu.nl/en/publications/public-management-performance-professionalism-and-politics/research-portal.uu</a></p></li><li><p><strong>&#8220;Sustainable Development Goals as epistemic infrastructures.&#8221; </strong><em><strong>Policy and Society</strong></em><strong>. </strong>Article on how goals, indicators, and monitoring together form a knowledge infrastructure that organizes administrative attention and scope for action.<br>http://academic.oup.com/policyandsociety/article-pdf/41/4/431/46936572/puac015.pdf</p></li><li><p><strong>WRR. </strong><em><strong>Big Data and Security Policies: Serving Security, Protecting Freedom</strong></em><strong>. </strong>An English-language policy brief on the governance of data and analysis, relevant for reflection on knowledge tools, regulation, and public values.<br>http://english.wrr.nl/latest/news/2017/01/31/wrr-policy-brief-on-use-of-big-data-in-the-security-domain</p></li></ul><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[AI maakt met bijna pensioen zijn 10 keer zo leuk]]></title><description><![CDATA[En over het belangrijke verschil tussen &#8220;joy&#8221; en &#8220;happiness&#8221;]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/ai-maakt-met-bijna-pensioen-zijn</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/ai-maakt-met-bijna-pensioen-zijn</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2026 08:49:46 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6zVG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a2cb539-3920-4637-8a97-2740a4b35551_1684x2528.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6zVG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a2cb539-3920-4637-8a97-2740a4b35551_1684x2528.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6zVG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a2cb539-3920-4637-8a97-2740a4b35551_1684x2528.png 424w, 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><br><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jochem Immerzeel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:9251866,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb2249a6-58f7-487d-b58d-d09742920f9f_832x832.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;b863f7ef-ad30-425a-a703-9720617dfc72&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> vroeg me naar de geheimen van een &#8212; bijna &#8212; pensionadoleven.</p><p>Wat hem opvalt: ik heb het druk en veel energie.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Een tijdje terug zag ik een TED Talk van een Amerikaanse hoogleraar die na onderzoek naar pensionadolevens een soort model ontwikkelde. In het eerste jaar doe je niet veel &#8212; &#8220;freedom, baby&#8221; &#8212; maar juist dan zijn veel ouderen ongelukkig. Vervolgens storten ze zich op een project. Dat mislukt grandioos. Dan komt er een nieuw project; dat mislukt ook, maar niet helemaal. Uit al die avonturen ontstaat uiteindelijk iets wat w&#233;l beklijft en veel voldoening geeft.</p><p>Zo&#8217;n verhaal zet aan het denken. Ga dus niet het eerste jaar niks doen; stort je gewoon op iets en weet bijna zeker dat het mislukt. Who cares, zolang je anderen er maar niet te veel mee lastigvalt.</p><p>Ooit was ik beroepshalve bezig met het thema eenzaamheid. Daar werd ook gewaarschuwd voor eenzaamheid onder pensionado&#8217;s. De redenering: mensen identificeren zich sterk met hun werk. Als dat wegvalt, kun je in een gat vallen. Met opnieuw dezelfde waarschuwing: ga niet niets doen.</p><p>Daarnaast sprak ik in die tijd veel met ouderen die fanatiek gingen reizen. Dat kan prachtig zijn, maar op een gegeven moment ook leeg.</p><p>Ik heb altijd genoten van het meesterwerk <em>The Second Mountain: The Quest for a Moral Life</em> van David Brooks (<a href="http://(http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/217649/the-second-mountain-by-david-brooks/).">The Second Mountain</a>). Daarin maakt hij onderscheid tussen happiness en joy. Happiness gaat over het bevredigen van impulsen, de korte kicks: concerten bezoeken, op vakantie gaan, films kijken. Dat is prettig, maar het is nooit lang genoeg. Joy gaat over duurzame behoeftebevrediging via zinvolle projecten waar anderen ook iets aan hebben. Joy is niet altijd leuk: je krijgt gezeur, tegenwerking en je wordt lang niet altijd bedankt.</p><p>Briljant. Ik zweef momenteel ergens tussen happiness en joy: ik doe veel leuke dingen, maar hou wel het oog op de bal. Wat geeft op termijn bevrediging? De laatste tien jaar van mijn werk zaten sowieso al tussen betaald en sociaal werk in. Dat beschouwde ik als een voorrecht, al was dat ook lastig omdat de systemen er niet op zijn ingericht dat je je werk z&#243; invult.</p><p>Met sport bezig zijn is geweldig, zoals boksen bijvoorbeeld. Jongeren training geven is zeer leerzaam en vraagt om grote zorgvuldigheid. Die rol neem ik uiterst serieus.</p><p>Je kunt maar beter actief zijn; het leven is eindig. Niet door geforceerd van alles te doen, maar door jezelf weloverwogen te blijven ontwikkelen.</p><p>Het grote wonder van mijn leven nu is AI. Wat de nadelen ook zijn &#8212; ik ben er niet blind voor &#8212; het is meer dan geweldig. Als professional maar ook buiten het betaalde werk zijn je mogelijkheden met een factor tien gegroeid. Waar je vroeger &#233;&#233;n of twee hobby&#8217;s kon hebben, kun je er nu met gemak tien volgen en daarin toch voldoende kwaliteit bereiken.</p><p>Ik geef een voorbeeld. Gisteren bezocht ik in Zwolle een basketbalwedstrijd. Met een kortingskaart van de NS is dat nu zeer betaalbaar. Met behulp van AI had ik een lijst gemaakt van &#8220;postcard views&#8221;, mooie stadsgezichten, en een route op maat. Voor 4,80 euro huur je een fiets bij de NS. Vervolgens hou je een fotochallenge: ik kwam tot 18 in plaats van 25 plekken, vanwege de regen. De ene plek was nog mooier dan de andere. Ik werk nu aan het project <em>Beautiful Spots in the Netherlands</em>. <br><br>Niemand zit erop te wachten, maar het biedt veel leerzame mogelijkheden.</p><p>Als je het theoretisch bekijkt, zie je bij pensionado&#8217;s een paar voorspelbare vijvers waar je in kunt kukelen: verlies van rol en identiteit, een sociale kring die vooral uit oud-collega&#8217;s bestond, gezondheidsissues die je bewegingsvrijheid beperken, en de verleiding om de dagen vooral te vullen met korte kicks. Onderzoekers naar &#8220;successful aging&#8221;, zoals Rowe en Kahn (<a href="http://(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3984143)">Succesful Aging</a>), benadrukken drie dingen: blijf lichamelijk en mentaal actief, onderhoud betekenisvolle relaties, en houd een gevoel van regie. Psychologen als Laura Carstensen laten met haar socio-emotional selectivity theory (<a href="http://(http://longevity.stanford.edu/people/laura-l-carstensen)">Selectivity</a>) zien dat mensen later in het leven juist meer focussen op emotioneel betekenisvolle activiteiten. En Dan Buettner beschrijft in zijn werk over <a href="http://(http://www.bluezones.com)">BlueZones</a>hoe ouderen die actief blijven in kleine, sociale, zinvolle rollen vaak langer gezond en tevreden leven. Samen zeggen ze ongeveer hetzelfde als David Brooks: wie zich opnieuw verbindt &#8212; aan mensen, aan werk in brede zin, aan projecten en gemeenschappen &#8212; bouwt minder aan losse <em>happiness</em>-momenten en meer aan duurzame <em>joy</em>.</p><p>Nou Jochem, dat is het zo&#8217;n beetje.<br><br><em>Aangeboden door Ministerie van Onderstroom.</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Hoofd, lijf en de grens van het systeem]]></title><description><![CDATA[Waarom burn&#8209;out geen persoonlijk falen is, maar een signaal van een doorgeschoten rationele orde]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/hoofd-lijf-en-de-grens-van-het-systeem</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/hoofd-lijf-en-de-grens-van-het-systeem</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2026 08:35:13 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUmX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5407f96b-fe27-4747-8fbb-a1e8daba6607_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><p><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jochem Immerzeel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:9251866,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb2249a6-58f7-487d-b58d-d09742920f9f_832x832.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;4d053cfe-4895-4213-ab83-edccae0024fc&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span>: <em>&#8220;Sinds Descartes regeert het hoofd over het lijf. Ons hele systeem &#8211; scholen, instituten, bedrijven &#8211; is ingericht op de ratio en de illusie van controle. Dat zie je in taal (&#8220;objectief beleid&#8221;, &#8220;rationele keuzes&#8221;) &#233;n in hoe we organisaties inrichten: als machines die je met regels, procedures en kengetallen kunt besturen. Staan we aan de vooravond van een collectieve breuk met die erfenis, of zit de fixatie op de ratio bij onze instituten daarvoor nog te diep verankerd?&#8221;</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUmX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5407f96b-fe27-4747-8fbb-a1e8daba6607_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUmX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5407f96b-fe27-4747-8fbb-a1e8daba6607_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUmX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5407f96b-fe27-4747-8fbb-a1e8daba6607_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUmX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5407f96b-fe27-4747-8fbb-a1e8daba6607_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUmX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5407f96b-fe27-4747-8fbb-a1e8daba6607_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUmX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5407f96b-fe27-4747-8fbb-a1e8daba6607_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUmX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5407f96b-fe27-4747-8fbb-a1e8daba6607_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUmX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5407f96b-fe27-4747-8fbb-a1e8daba6607_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUmX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5407f96b-fe27-4747-8fbb-a1e8daba6607_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUmX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5407f96b-fe27-4747-8fbb-a1e8daba6607_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Burn&#8209;out als grenssignaal</strong></p><p>Burn&#8209;out kun je op twee manieren benaderen. De gangbare lezing is: &#8220;deze persoon kan het niet aan&#8221;. De andere is: &#8220;deze manier van werken en organiseren is niet meer vol te houden&#8221;.</p><p>Onderzoek naar stress en burn&#8209;out laat zien dat het meestal niet gaat om &#8220;een beetje drukte&#8221;, maar om een combinatie van hoge eisen, weinig invloed, gebrek aan waardering, onduidelijke waarden, zwakke sociale steun en ervaren onrecht. Dat zijn kenmerken van werk en organisatie, niet van karakter zwakte. Burn&#8209;out wordt dan een grenssignaal van een systeem dat structureel over de menselijke maat heen gaat.</p><p><strong>Ambtenaren en hun hoofd</strong></p><p>Dat &#8220;in je hoofd zitten&#8221; zie je goed bij de schrijvende ambtenarenklasse. Ze zijn getraind om dossiers sluitend te krijgen, teksten juridisch in orde te maken, risico&#8217;s in te dammen. Hun vakmanschap zit in woorden, analyses, argumenten en systemen.</p><p>De organisatiecultuur eromheen beloont precies dat: procedures volgen, geen fouten maken, geen gezichtsverlies veroorzaken. Wie wil improviseren, spelen, afwijken of zich zichtbaar laat raken, voelt al snel dat dit niet de bedoeling is. Dan wordt de intu&#239;tieve kant van het vak &#8211; aanvoelen wat er speelt, snel schakelen, het gesprek durven laten ontsporen om iets echts te raken &#8211; langzaam afgeleerd.</p><p><strong>Boze zalen en de grens van de ratio</strong></p><p>Voor een volle zaal met boze mensen merkte ik als dagvoorzitter hoe smal die rationele gereedschapskist eigenlijk is. Je kunt feiten, grafieken en redelijke uitleg geven, maar als mensen zich niet serieus genomen voelen, komt er geen ontspanning. Het blijft koken.</p><p>In zulke situaties werken andere dingen: hoe je binnenkomt, hoe je kijkt, de eerste zin die je zegt, je toon, hoe lang je stilte durft te laten vallen. Intu&#239;tie speelt daar een grote rol: je lijf voelt of een grap kan, of je beter kunt vertragen, of eerst iemands verhaal nodig is v&#243;&#243;rdat het over oplossingen kan gaan. Dat is geen &#8220;zweverigheid&#8221;, maar geoefend vakmanschap dat je alleen opdoet door het vaak te doen, terug te kijken en eerlijk te zijn over wat je voelde en deed.</p><p><strong>Menshouderij: mens als dier in het systeem</strong></p><p>Een scherpe metafoor om die spanning te vangen is die van de &#8220;intensieve menshouderij&#8221;. Organisaties die mensen organiseren zoals intensieve veehouderij dieren organiseert: effici&#235;nt, strak, zoveel mogelijk productie per eenheid. De mens heet daar &#8220;resource&#8221;, &#8220;fte&#8221; of &#8220;capaciteit&#8221;.</p><p>Het botst omdat wij geen volledig rationele wezens zijn, maar dieren met een lijf, hormonen, ritmes, families, angsten en verlangens. Je kunt die laag niet weg organiseren. Als het systeem langere tijd niet aansluit bij wat een mens nodig heeft &#8211; erkenning, invloed, herstel, rechtvaardigheid &#8211; dan gaat eerst de energie, dan het plezier, en uiteindelijk soms het licht uit.</p><p><strong>De psychische gevangenis</strong></p><p>Naast de &#8220;menshouderij&#8221; is er nog een beeld dat helpt: de organisatie als psychische gevangenis. Dan gaat het niet alleen om regels en structuren, maar vooral om de verhalen die we elkaar vertellen over wat normaal en professioneel is.</p><p>In die &#8216;gevangenis&#8217; hoort bij &#8220;professionaliteit&#8221; dat je afstandelijk en rationeel bent, dat je emoties thuislaat, dat je je niet laat raken door mensen in de zaal. Twijfel, moeheid, buikpijn voor een overleg, cynische grappen bij de koffie: het zijn allemaal signalen dat er iets niet klopt, maar ze gelden vaak als zwakte of &#8220;priv&#233;&#8221;. Zo houden we samen een werkelijkheid in stand waarin het hoofd de baas blijft en het lijf moet volgen.</p><p><strong>Zonder regels is &#243;&#243;k gevaarlijk</strong></p><p>Tegelijk is de tegenpool &#8211; organisaties met weinig regels en veel informaliteit &#8211; niet automatisch gezond. Zonder duidelijke kaders en transparantie ontstaan andere problemen: vriendjespolitiek, kliekjesvorming, ongeschreven regels waar je maar net tussen moet passen.</p><p>Dat zie je al in sportverenigingen en vrijwilligersclubs. Omdat het soms wat zwakjes is georganiseerd krr w&#233;l gedoe: eigen kinderen die net even meer kansen krijgen, taken die altijd bij dezelfde mensen terechtkomen, conflicten die onder tafel blijven sudderen. Ook daar kunnen mensen opbranden, niet van de spreadsheet, maar van de sociale spanning en het gebrek aan echte openheid.</p><p><strong>Burn&#8209;out: systeemfenomeen, geen simpel regels-probleem</strong></p><p>Daarom is burn&#8209;out nauwelijks terug te brengen tot &#8220;te veel regels&#8221; of &#8220;te weinig regels&#8221;. Het gaat om de combinatie: eisen, invloed, steun, rechtvaardigheid, ruimte voor betekenis.</p><p>Strakke regels zonder menselijkheid putten uit. Maar een warme, onduidelijke club zonder duidelijke afspraken kan net zo goed slopend zijn. De rode draad: zodra mensen te lang het gevoel hebben dat hun lijf, hun gevoel en hun morele kompas niet tellen, maar alleen de logica van het systeem, komt uitval gevaarlijk dichtbij.</p><p><strong>Geen revolutie, wel groeiende spanning</strong></p><p>Zie je dan een grote breuk aankomen, vraagt @Jochem Immerzeel, Op dit moment vooral een groeiende spanning. De oude, rationele manier van organiseren is nog steeds dominant. De manier van financieren, verantwoorden, aansturen en beoordelen is erop gebouwd.</p><p>Maar er ontstaan scheurtjes. Er wordt steeds vaker gesproken over &#8220;menselijke maat&#8221;, &#8220;doenvermogen&#8221;, &#8220;psychologische veiligheid&#8221;, &#8220;duurzame inzetbaarheid&#8221;. Er zijn rapporten die expliciet laten zien dat beleid alleen op verstand en informatie uitgaat van een mens die niet bestaat. En er zijn organisaties die experimenteren met meer ruimte voor professioneel oordeel, minder micromanagement en meer aandacht voor energie en herstel. Het zijn nog geen aardverschuivingen, maar wel signalen dat het lijf zich steeds sterker meldt.</p><p><strong>Aan de randen wordt geoefend</strong></p><p>Aan de randen van het systeem wordt geoefend met een andere manier van kijken:</p><ul><li><p>minder &#8220;mens als radertje in de machine&#8221;,</p></li><li><p>meer &#8220;mens als levend knooppunt in een netwerk van relaties&#8221;.</p></li></ul><p>In die wereld horen hoofd, hart en lijf gewoon bij het werk. Vakmanschap is daar: kunnen denken, voelen en handelen in &#233;&#233;n adem. Burn&#8209;out is dan niet een persoonlijk falen, maar een serieus signaal dat het systeem opnieuw ontworpen moet worden.</p><p><strong>Literatuur en links</strong></p><ul><li><p>Burn-out en werkmismatches (Maslach &amp; Leiter)<br>Over hoe burn-out ontstaat uit structurele &#8220;mismatches&#8221; tussen mens en werk (werkdruk, invloed, waardering, waarden, gemeenschap, rechtvaardigheid).<br>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27732008/<br>https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/de-job-demands-resources-model-state-of-the-art</p></li><li><p>Job Demands&#8211;Resources (Bakker &amp; Demerouti)<br>Model dat laat zien hoe combinatie van hoge taakeisen en onvoldoende hulpbronnen leidt tot uitputting en afstand nemen van het werk.<br>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27732008/<br>https://research-portal.uu.nl/en/publications/de-job-demands-resources-model-state-of-the-art</p></li><li><p>Burnout at Work (Maslach, Leiter e.a.)<br>Over de stand van de wetenschap rond burn&#8209;out en wat er wel en niet werkt om het te voorkomen.<br>https://pure.eur.nl/files/196521810/9781315849416_previewpdf.pdf</p></li><li><p>Intensieve Menshouderij (Jaap Peters &amp; Judith Pouw)<br>Pleidooi tegen &#8220;intensieve menshouderij&#8221;: organisaties die zo rationeel en effici&#235;nt worden ingericht dat kwaliteit en menselijkheid oplossen in regels en managementlogica.<br>https://www.bibliotheek.nl/catalogus/titel.270934162.html/intensieve-menshouderij/<br>https://showbird.com/nl/acts/25143-spreker-jaap-peters</p></li><li><p>Tussen staat en menselijke maat (NSOB)<br>Essay over hoe overheid en uitvoeringspraktijk kunnen laveren tussen regels en maatwerk, en wat professionals daarvoor nodig hebben.<br>https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/kst-17050-601.pdf<br>https://www.nsob.nl/onderzoek/podcasts/tussen-staat-en-menselijke-maat-met-esmah-lahlah</p></li><li><p>Weten is nog geen doen (WRR)<br>Rapport dat laat zien dat beleid uitgaat van een mens die vooral verstand heeft, terwijl &#8220;doenvermogen&#8221; (uitvoeren, volhouden, omgaan met verleiding) minstens zo belangrijk is.<br>https://www.wrr.nl/documenten/2017/04/24/weten-is-nog-geen-doen</p></li><li><p>Over stress, herstel en burn-out (CSR-achtige lijn)<br>Praktische insteek op stress als psychobiologisch proces en het belang van herstel op meerdere niveaus.<br>(voorbeeld) https://estherroelofs.nl/gratis-downloads-stress-veerkracht/</p></li><li><p>Descartes en de scheiding hoofd&#8211;lijf<br>Klassieke bron over de scheiding tussen denkend en uitgebreid ding; nuttig als filosofisch vertrekpunt.<br>http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/23306</p></li></ul><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Building Warm Professional Networks]]></title><description><![CDATA[In many organizations, warm professional networks are still too easily viewed as something incidental: good for the atmosphere, useful for building connections, but not essential for governance, organization, and collaboration.]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/building-warm-professional-networks</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/building-warm-professional-networks</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 07 Jun 2026 12:00:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aCkR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53b4c803-3e73-4144-b214-ea5e2fd6f1cb_2754x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aCkR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53b4c803-3e73-4144-b214-ea5e2fd6f1cb_2754x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aCkR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53b4c803-3e73-4144-b214-ea5e2fd6f1cb_2754x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aCkR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53b4c803-3e73-4144-b214-ea5e2fd6f1cb_2754x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aCkR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53b4c803-3e73-4144-b214-ea5e2fd6f1cb_2754x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aCkR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53b4c803-3e73-4144-b214-ea5e2fd6f1cb_2754x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aCkR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53b4c803-3e73-4144-b214-ea5e2fd6f1cb_2754x1536.png" width="1456" height="812" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aCkR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53b4c803-3e73-4144-b214-ea5e2fd6f1cb_2754x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aCkR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53b4c803-3e73-4144-b214-ea5e2fd6f1cb_2754x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aCkR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53b4c803-3e73-4144-b214-ea5e2fd6f1cb_2754x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aCkR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53b4c803-3e73-4144-b214-ea5e2fd6f1cb_2754x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In many organizations, warm professional networks are still too easily viewed as something incidental: good for the atmosphere, useful for building connections, but not essential for governance, organization, and collaboration. That view is too narrow. In complex public and social issues, sustainable collaboration rarely arises from structure alone. It emerges where people, professions, and organizations are not only formally linked but also learn to build on one another relationally. Building warm networks is therefore not a soft peripheral activity but a serious public administration practice.</p><p>At the same time, some of the traditional language of public administration falls short. Many approaches are strong at describing governance, coordination, dependencies, and patterns of interaction, but far less so at understanding how relationships actually grow, deepen, and become reliable. As a result, it is often overlooked that collaboration does not begin with decision-making, but with the slow building of trust, recognition, reciprocity, and shared expertise. This is precisely where the undercurrent of administrative effectiveness lies.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>This chapter therefore works toward a theory of building. The focus is not on how networks exist or how they are managed as a given structure, but on how warm professional networks emerge, how they gain strength, how they deepen, and how they can be supported administratively without losing their warmth. The various theoretical traditions are not treated in isolation but are read as parts of a single larger narrative: architecture, pattern formation, learning practice, boundary work, relational legitimacy, and the craft of maintenance.</p><p><strong>A. The Network as an Administrative Form</strong></p><p>Building warm professional networks begins with the recognition that many issues can no longer be adequately addressed by a single organization, a single profession, or a single administrative level. As interdependencies increase, the central question shifts from command and control to coordination, connection, and collective agency. In this shifting landscape, the network takes on a distinct meaning: not as a casual collection of contacts, but as a form through which collaboration is organized.</p><p>The first building principle is therefore architectural. A network does not arise spontaneously from good intentions, but from a situation in which actors experience that they structurally need one another. As soon as tasks become more complex, uncertainty increases, and exchange cannot be easily regulated by contract, a relationally richer form of organization becomes more attractive. This gives rise to the need for a network that supports not only transactions, but also expectations, interpretations, and mutual trust.</p><p>This brings the second design principle into focus. A warm network is not warm because people like each other, but because the way it is managed leaves room for social mechanisms that can deepen relationships. In a network that is too rigid or too loosely organized, interactions remain superficial and instrumental. In a carefully designed network, however, the possibility arises for reputation, reciprocity, informal coordination, and shared responsibility to accumulate. In this sense, warmth is no accident, but the effect of institutional design that enables relational growth.</p><p>The third design principle concerns the choice of form. Small networks with a high degree of mutual trust can often handle a great deal collectively. As networks become larger, more diverse, and less homogeneous, some form of facilitation, coordination, or network administration becomes necessary. This does not mean that warmth disappears as soon as a network becomes more organized. It does mean, however, that warmth cannot arise solely from spontaneity but must also be supported by an appropriate structure. Precisely when a network grows, warmth requires design.</p><p>Building thus begins where governance creates relational conditions. Not by mandating warmth, but by choosing forms in which people meet often enough, responsibilities are clear, differences remain manageable, and a sense of community can emerge without enforcing uniformity. In that sense, network design is not the opposite of warmth, but its first layer.</p><ul><li><p>Building begins when interdependence is recognized as an invitation to relational formation.</p></li><li><p>Warm networks require governance structures that allow trust, reputation, and reciprocity to grow.</p></li><li><p>The larger and more diverse the network, the more important the conscious design of its supporting structure becomes.</p></li></ul><p><strong>B. Patterns, Trust, and Social Fabric</strong></p><p>Following the architecture comes the question of how warmth truly takes root in a network. This requires looking not only at organizations and arrangements, but at relationships themselves. A network is not a diagram on paper, but a pattern of contacts, expectations, requests for help, lines of advice, trust, and informal closeness. Here, the theory of building shifts from box to thread: from structure to fabric.</p><p>Warm networks do not grow out of random traffic, but from a specific combination of density and openness. There must be enough closeness to build trust, but also enough bridging to bring in new perspectives, resources, and connections. A network that is only close-knit can become stifling. A network that is only open often remains too fleeting. The art of building therefore lies in the balance between bonding and bridging: between shelter and permeability.</p><p>This makes social capital a central building block. Not as a trendy label, but as an indication of what a network makes available to its members: access, support, information, recognition, and room to maneuver. Warmth arises when these resources do not circulate randomly or exclusively, but become sustainably anchored in the network. People then experience that relationships are not just convenient, but supportive.</p><p>This approach also reveals that building is always selective and fragile. Some people naturally become hubs, while others remain on the periphery. Some relationships are strong and supportive, while others remain weak or instrumental. Those who wish to build warm networks must therefore not only celebrate connection but also pay attention to gaps, overload, exclusion, and excessive dependence on a few key figures. Warmth requires distribution, not just intensity.</p><p>In that sense, building consists of carefully allowing a pattern to emerge in which trust is not confined to a single relationship but can spread across multiple connections. Only then does warmth become not just something between two people, but a characteristic of the network itself.</p><ul><li><p>Warm networks require both depth in relationships and bridges to other worlds.</p></li><li><p>Social capital grows when support, recognition, and information can circulate widely.</p></li><li><p>Building also means looking at edges, gaps, and overloaded nodes.</p></li></ul><p><strong>C. Professional Communities as Deepening</strong></p><p>A network only truly becomes warm when it becomes more than a collection of connections and gradually takes on the traits of a community. This happens when professionals not only exchange information but also collectively sustain a practice, develop a shared language, and build a sense of professional kinship. Here, the theory of building takes on a deepening character: not only do relationships emerge, but also a shared world.</p><p>Here, learning and building converge. In strong professional networks, knowledge is not only transferred but also socially shaped. People learn how others see things, which considerations matter, what counts as good practice, and which stories and examples guide professional judgment. Warmth here lies not only in the atmosphere but in the willingness to let others into one&#8217;s own thinking and actions.</p><p>Building such a network requires rhythm. A single inspirational session or occasional gathering does not create a community. What is needed are repeated meetings centered on a recognizable issue or field, with enough continuity to allow trust to take root and enough substance to keep the relationships meaningful. Without shared practice, warmth quickly evaporates into casual contact. Without a relational foundation, substance shrinks to a mere exchange of expertise.</p><p>It is also important that this form of building fosters identity. Professionals no longer see themselves solely as representatives of their own organization, but also as participants in a broader community of practice. This increases the likelihood that they will feel a sense of responsibility that transcends boundaries. A warm network then becomes a place where people not only give and take, but also belong.</p><ul><li><p>A network deepens when it takes the form of a shared community of practice.</p></li><li><p>Repetition, rhythm, and recognition of shared substance are necessary to maintain warmth.</p></li><li><p>Building fosters identity: people begin to feel connected to something larger than their own organization.</p></li></ul><p><strong>D. Working at the Edges</strong></p><p>No warm network grows exclusively at the center. The real building often takes place at the edges, where differences in language, interests, rhythm, logic, and power become keenly felt. It is precisely there that certain professionals play a special role: they connect worlds, translate between contexts, identify tensions, and maintain relationships where systems do not naturally understand one another. Building warm networks therefore requires attention to boundary work.</p><p>That role is both administrative and relational. Those who bridge boundaries do more than simply pass on information. Trust must be earned in multiple directions, without fully aligning with one side. Meaning must be translated without losing the distinctiveness of one world or the other. And calm must often be brought to situations where formal agreements still offer insufficient guidance. Warmth is built here by people who dare to and are able to bear relational tension.</p><p>This makes it clear that network building is not only a collective task but also a personal and role-specific one. Some people are better positioned to forge connections, others have legitimacy within their own circles, and still others can temporarily anchor a network when it is still fragile. The theory of building therefore requires attention not only to the network as a whole but also to the positions and people who enable relational growth.</p><p>This has major implications for organizational design. When boundary work remains invisible, it is often undervalued and left to personal initiative. As a result, warm networks become dependent on chance, talent, or moral overload. Once organizations explicitly recognize, protect, and support these roles, building can become less vulnerable and more sustainable.</p><ul><li><p>Much network building takes place at the edges, where worlds touch and rub against one another.</p></li><li><p>Boundary spanners build warmth through translation, trust, and managing tension.</p></li><li><p>Warm networks become more sustainable when boundary work is given a recognized and supported role.</p></li></ul><p><strong>E. Proximity as an Administrative Choice</strong></p><p>So far, building warm networks can still be seen as a smart way to make collaboration more effective. But that is not the whole story. There is also a normative layer. Relational approaches in public administration make it clear that relationships are not only instrumentally relevant but also have their own administrative significance. Proximity, responsiveness, and relational sensitivity are not just part of good collaboration; they are part of good governance.</p><p>This insight is important because professionals in many organizations do indeed perform relational work, but rarely see it as fully legitimized. Maintaining contacts, building trust, being present without a direct transaction, picking up on signals from the environment, and investing in reciprocity are still often seen as informal or secondary. A relational public administration makes it clear that it is precisely these actions that create the conditions under which formal governance can be credible and effective.</p><p>For construction theory, this signifies a shift: from warmth as a means to warmth as a value. Warmth is then not only useful because it reduces transaction costs or accelerates collaboration. It is also valuable because it embodies a form of professional and administrative action in which people are not reduced to functions, interests, or positions. A warm network recognizes the other not only as an actor, but also as a bearer of experience, context, and professional dignity.</p><p>That is why building such networks requires not only smart interventions but also administrative courage. Organizations must no longer treat relational time and attention as an inefficient margin, but as a fully-fledged productive force. Where that recognition is lacking, warmth remains dependent on individual idealism. Where it does emerge, the undercurrent gains institutional legitimacy.</p><ul><li><p>Warm networks are not only effective but also normatively significant.</p></li><li><p>Relational work deserves administrative legitimacy, not merely an informal supporting role.</p></li><li><p>Building becomes sustainable when closeness is recognized as a value of good governance.</p></li></ul><p><strong>F. The Craft of Maintenance</strong></p><p>If the preceding approaches make clear why warm networks are administratively necessary and theoretically defensible, one question remains: how are they actually built? That is where the craft comes into play. Every warm network ultimately consists of an accumulation of small relational acts: paying attention, following up, remembering, connecting others, granting favors, remaining available, tolerating differences, and handling vulnerability with care. Without these micro-practices, any grand theory remains hollow.</p><p>This layer is of great importance because it reveals that building is always a matter of rhythm. Warmth rarely arises from grand moments alone. It grows through repetition. When contacts do not need to be immediately functional, when people reappear in each other&#8217;s lives, when small commitments are fulfilled, and when presence does not have to be fought for again and again, relational reliability emerges. A network becomes warm through continuity.</p><p>In this way, building differs fundamentally from instrumental networking. In an instrumental logic, relationships are activated when necessary and suspended once the goal is achieved. In a building logic, relationships are maintained precisely when there is no immediate need. That maintenance is not an inefficient luxury, but the way in which complex collaboration becomes possible later on. The undercurrent is not built during the crisis, but before it.</p><p>The craft of building therefore requires discipline. Not the discipline of protocol, but of attention. Those who wish to build warm networks must learn to live with slowness, repetition, and the absence of immediately measurable returns. It is precisely here that it becomes clear whether an organization truly believes that relationships are productive, or merely useful as long as they yield immediate results.</p><ul><li><p>Warm networks are built through small, repeated relational actions.</p></li><li><p>Maintenance is not a residual category but the core of sustainable network formation.</p></li><li><p>The undercurrent is usually built before it appears visibly necessary.</p></li></ul><p><strong>G. A theory of the undercurrent</strong></p><p>When these lines are brought together, a construction theory emerges that is richer than the classic dichotomy between warm community and cold network management. Building warm professional networks then turns out not to be a separate theme alongside governance, management, or professionalism, but a process in which multiple layers are active simultaneously.</p><p>The first layer is architecture: there must be a form that enables relational growth. The second layer is pattern formation: trust and social capital must be able to spread across a network. The third layer is deepening: a network must take on the characteristics of a community centered around a shared practice. The fourth layer is boundary work: differences must be made bridgeable through roles and positions that translate and connect. The fifth layer is legitimacy: relational labor must be recognized as essential administrative work. The sixth layer is maintenance: without rhythm, repetition, and reciprocity, everything remains fragile.</p><p>From this integration, it becomes clear that building is neither purely spontaneous nor entirely malleable. Warmth cannot be commanded, nor can it be left to chance. It arises in the interplay between institutional conditions and human practice, between design and attention, between structure and presence. This makes building a distinct category in public administration: it refers to the slow work through which collaboration gains traction before it becomes formally visible.</p><p>In that sense, building warm professional networks is a core task for every ministry of undercurrent. Not because it would replace harsh reality, but because it explains how harsh reality is made livable and workable. Governance only truly takes root where relationships are strong enough to bear difference, uncertainty, and mutual dependence.</p><ul><li><p>A comprehensive construction theory connects form, pattern, community, boundary work, legitimacy, and maintenance.</p></li><li><p>Warmth is neither coincidence nor purely contrived, but the result of designed conditions and practiced relationality.</p></li><li><p>The undercurrent of collaboration must be built before formal governance can truly take hold.</p></li></ul><p><strong>A. Network Governance and Architecture</strong></p><p>https://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/AMR.1997.9711022109</p><p>Theoretical article explaining when network governance works better than markets or hierarchies and how mechanisms such as trust, reputation, and reciprocity coordinate behavior.</p><p>https://academic.oup.com/jpart/article-abstract/18/2/229/935895</p><p>Article that distinguishes three forms of network governance and analyzes how structure and management choices influence the effectiveness of networks.</p><p>https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/files/964494/modes.pdf</p><p>Accessible version of the same framework on forms of network governance, with clear summaries of when each form is appropriate.</p><p>https://edepot.wur.nl/347962</p><p>Report discussing how network governance emerges in the public sector and how this changes the role of the state and other actors.</p><p>https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/100845</p><p>Open-access book that provides a broad overview of governance networks in the public sector and explores how to deal with complexity in such networks.</p><p>https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/trust-in-governance-networks-looking-for-conditions-for-innovativ-3</p><p>Study examining the conditions under which trust in governance networks leads to innovative solutions and better outcomes.</p><p><strong>B. Patterns, Trust, and Social Capital</strong></p><p>https://www.entrepreneurshiptheories.com/2017/08/social-network-theory-and-social.html</p><p>An introduction to social network theory and social capital, explaining strong and weak ties, structural holes, and how networks provide access to resources.</p><p>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pad.70064</p><p>Article analyzing how repeated interaction and mutual recognition in networks among civil servants help build trust and reciprocity over time.</p><p>https://relationshipmanagement.eu/en/what-is-relationship-management/professional-relationships/</p><p>Page explaining professional relationships as reciprocal connections based on shared goals, reputation, and informal support.</p><p>https://routledgeopenresearch.org/articles/4-7</p><p>Open-access article reflecting on governance networks in times of crisis and showing what this reveals about how network patterns work in practice.</p><p><strong>C. Professional Communities and Deepening</strong></p><p>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_practice</p><p>Overview of communities of practice, explaining how a shared domain, community, and practice transform loose connections into a learning community.</p><p>https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/communities-of-practice</p><p>Brief overview of the concept of communities of practice and how it is used in organizational and educational contexts.</p><p>https://health.ucdavis.edu/workforce-diversity/What_We_Do/Communities-of-Practice/COPToolkit.html</p><p>Practical toolkit for establishing and maintaining communities of practice, with guidelines for roles, meetings, and shared learning.</p><p><strong>D. Working at the Edges and Boundary Spanning</strong></p><p>https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/boundary-spanning</p><p>Overview page that defines boundary spanning and describes typical tasks, such as connecting, translating, and building bridges between different stakeholder worlds.</p><p>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_spanning</p><p>General description of boundary-spanning roles and the contexts in which they occur, such as organizations, innovation, and public service.</p><p>https://essay.utwente.nl/fileshare/file/86440/Drion_MA_BMS.pdf</p><p>Study that examines boundary-spanning roles and demonstrates how different forms of intellectual capital help people fulfill these roles.</p><p><strong>E. Relational public administration and proximity</strong></p><p>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14719037.2019.1632921</p><p>Article that synthesizes various relational approaches in public administration and introduces a framework to organize them.</p><p>https://ecpr.eu/Events/Event/PanelDetails/5108</p><p>Panel description explaining how relationality offers an alternative perspective for studying public administration and policy.</p><p>https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/relational-public-administration-a-synthesis-and-heuristic-classi</p><p>Repository version of the same article on relational public administration, useful if you need full-text access.</p><p>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-public-policy/article/relationality-an-alternative-framework-for-analysing-policy</p><p>Article presenting relationality as a framework for analyzing policy as the outcome of evolving relationships between actors.</p><p><strong>F. The Craft of Maintenance and Professional Networking</strong></p><p>https://bliqsem.nl/professioneel-netwerken-hoe-doe-je-dat/</p><p>Practical Dutch-language article on professional networking, emphasizing genuine interest, giving before taking, and consistent follow-up.</p><p>https://www.werkdirekt.nl/netwerken-hoe-bouw-je-een-sterk-professioneel-netwerk-op-en-waarom-is-het-belangrijk/</p><p>Dutch-language explanation of why professional networks are important and how to build and maintain them step by step.</p><p>https://boommanagement.nl/artikel/leren-werken-in-netwerken/</p><p>Dutch-language article on learning to work in networks and the conscious design and facilitation of networking processes.</p><p>https://neyaglobal.com/journal-nonprofit/building-long-term-professional-relationships-strategies-for-sustained-networking-success</p><p>Article combining theory and practice on building long-term professional relationships through regular contact, adding value, and collaboration.</p><p>https://www.talentinternational.com/guides/how-to-maintain-professional-relationships-remotely/</p><p>Guide with concrete tips on how to maintain and deepen professional relationships when working remotely.</p><p>https://connecti5.com/blog/how-to-maintain-professional-relationships</p><p>Blog discussing the limits on the number of relationships you can realistically maintain and what that means for strategic relationship management.</p><p><strong>G. Undercurrents, integration, and warm networks</strong></p><p>https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/100845</p><p>Book that explores governance networks more broadly and offers conceptual language to discuss the undercurrents of collaboration.</p><p>https://routledgeopenresearch.org/articles/4-7</p><p>Open-access article that examines governance networks in crisis situations and what this reveals about deeper relational dynamics.</p><p>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pad.70064</p><p>Article that empirically demonstrates how trust and reciprocity in ongoing networks support collaboration, which aligns well with your concept of undercurrents.<br></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P-uj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8bc67c8-6144-4dec-bb61-7c76a2862e0b_2754x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P-uj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8bc67c8-6144-4dec-bb61-7c76a2862e0b_2754x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P-uj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8bc67c8-6144-4dec-bb61-7c76a2862e0b_2754x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P-uj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8bc67c8-6144-4dec-bb61-7c76a2862e0b_2754x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P-uj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8bc67c8-6144-4dec-bb61-7c76a2862e0b_2754x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P-uj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8bc67c8-6144-4dec-bb61-7c76a2862e0b_2754x1536.png" width="1456" height="812" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P-uj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8bc67c8-6144-4dec-bb61-7c76a2862e0b_2754x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P-uj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8bc67c8-6144-4dec-bb61-7c76a2862e0b_2754x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P-uj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8bc67c8-6144-4dec-bb61-7c76a2862e0b_2754x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P-uj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8bc67c8-6144-4dec-bb61-7c76a2862e0b_2754x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><br>Presented by Ministerie van Onderstroom</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Steen door de ruit]]></title><description><![CDATA[Een strijdlied]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/steen-door-de-ruit</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/steen-door-de-ruit</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 07 Jun 2026 07:02:04 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFof!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ac2050f-c79b-484b-85c3-a80d745da81e_1024x559.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jochem Immerzeel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:9251866,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb2249a6-58f7-487d-b58d-d09742920f9f_832x832.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;f5cf1867-f9f6-4938-8e04-f5f866335142&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span>: <em>&#8220;Als jij een strijdlied zou schrijven voor al die nieuwsgierige zoekers en frisdenkers die onderweg zijn van de onderstroom naar de bovenstroom, de mensen die aan het ontdekken en verkennen zijn, wat voor lied zou dat dan worden?&#8221;</em><br><br>Graag! Kijk, een strijdlied voor mensen die aan het ontdekken en verkennen zijn? Dat zijn vooral jongeren! Alsjeblieft Jochem, het heet Steen Door De Ruit en ik heb me behoorlijk laten inspireren door grote held Bob Marley.<br></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFof!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ac2050f-c79b-484b-85c3-a80d745da81e_1024x559.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFof!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ac2050f-c79b-484b-85c3-a80d745da81e_1024x559.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFof!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ac2050f-c79b-484b-85c3-a80d745da81e_1024x559.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFof!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ac2050f-c79b-484b-85c3-a80d745da81e_1024x559.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFof!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ac2050f-c79b-484b-85c3-a80d745da81e_1024x559.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFof!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ac2050f-c79b-484b-85c3-a80d745da81e_1024x559.jpeg" width="1024" height="559" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFof!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ac2050f-c79b-484b-85c3-a80d745da81e_1024x559.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFof!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ac2050f-c79b-484b-85c3-a80d745da81e_1024x559.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFof!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ac2050f-c79b-484b-85c3-a80d745da81e_1024x559.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MFof!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ac2050f-c79b-484b-85c3-a80d745da81e_1024x559.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Steen door de ruit</strong><br><br>Sta op, sta op<br>Sta op voor je recht<br>Sta op, sta op<br>Kom op voor je recht</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><p>Een kamer is te duur<br>Ik zoek al veel te lang<br>Geen plek om thuis te komen<br>Ik blijf maar aan de kant</p><div><hr></div><p>Sta op, sta op<br>Sta op voor je recht<br>Sta op, sta op<br>Kom op voor je recht</p><div><hr></div><p>De rijken tellen winst<br>Wij tellen elke cent<br>Zij hebben duizend kansen<br>Wij vragen: waar is ons percent</p><div><hr></div><p>Sta op, sta op<br>Sta op voor je recht<br>Sta op, sta op<br>Kom op voor je recht</p><div><hr></div><p>Mijn contract is veel te kort<br>Ze zeggen: &#8220;we zien het wel&#8221;<br>Ze noemen het flexibel<br>Ik lig er wakker van, elke tel</p><div><hr></div><p>Sta op, sta op<br>Sta op voor je recht<br>Sta op, sta op<br>Kom op voor je recht</p><div><hr></div><p>Mijn loon is veel te laag<br>De huur gaat steeds omhoog<br>Ik werk me stuk <br>Het voelt allemaal ruk<br><br></p><div><hr></div><p>Sta op, sta op<br>Sta op voor je recht<br>Sta op, sta op<br>Kom op voor je recht</p><div><hr></div><p>De studieschuld loopt op<br>Het collegegeld is hoog<br>We leren wel maar waarvoor <br>Zo kunnen we toch niet door</p><div><hr></div><p>Sta op, sta op<br>Sta op voor je recht<br>Sta op, sta op<br>Kom op voor je recht</p><div><hr></div><p>De wachtlijst is te lang<br>De dokter heeft geen tijd<br>Met geld ben je zo aan de beurt<br>Dat is niet zoals het heurt</p><div><hr></div><p>Sta op, sta op<br>Sta op voor je recht<br>Sta op, sta op<br>Kom op voor je recht</p><div><hr></div><p>We posten dat het goed gaat<br>Maar slapen bijna niet<br>We scrollen door die beelden<br>Tot je jezelf niet meer ziet</p><div><hr></div><p>Sta op, sta op<br>Sta op voor je recht<br>Sta op, sta op<br>Kom op voor je recht</p><div><hr></div><p>Het weer gaat naar de hel <br>De zomer brandt te fel<br>Zij liegen in rapporten<br>Wij wisten het allang al wel</p><div><hr></div><p>Sta op, sta op<br>Sta op voor je recht<br>Sta op, sta op<br>Kom op voor je recht</p><div><hr></div><p>Ze zeggen: &#8220;praat maar mee&#8221;<br>Maar luisteren zelden echt<br>Ze schuiven met papieren<br>Wij staan buiten, zonder recht</p><div><hr></div><p>Sta op, sta op<br>Sta op voor je recht<br>Sta op, sta op<br>Kom op voor je recht</p><div><hr></div><p>Geen stem die ons nu hoort<br>Dus zingen wij dit luid<br>Neem het ons maar kwalijk<br>Wij gooien die steen door de ruit</p><div><hr></div><p>Sta op, sta op<br>Sta op voor je recht<br>Sta op, sta op<br>Kom op voor je recht</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[De kunst van het bewonderen]]></title><description><![CDATA[Over voorbeelden en het vinden van je eigen koers]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/de-kunst-van-het-bewonderen</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/de-kunst-van-het-bewonderen</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 05 Jun 2026 06:37:57 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VaJX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23edcf8d-809e-4664-a106-5da1cff3e312_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VaJX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23edcf8d-809e-4664-a106-5da1cff3e312_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VaJX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23edcf8d-809e-4664-a106-5da1cff3e312_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VaJX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23edcf8d-809e-4664-a106-5da1cff3e312_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VaJX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23edcf8d-809e-4664-a106-5da1cff3e312_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VaJX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23edcf8d-809e-4664-a106-5da1cff3e312_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VaJX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23edcf8d-809e-4664-a106-5da1cff3e312_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23edcf8d-809e-4664-a106-5da1cff3e312_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:3932032,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/i/200723630?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23edcf8d-809e-4664-a106-5da1cff3e312_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VaJX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23edcf8d-809e-4664-a106-5da1cff3e312_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VaJX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23edcf8d-809e-4664-a106-5da1cff3e312_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VaJX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23edcf8d-809e-4664-a106-5da1cff3e312_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VaJX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23edcf8d-809e-4664-a106-5da1cff3e312_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#8220;Nadat je me eerder al meenam in de verhalen uit jouw eigen kinderboek en de muziek van je levensfases, ben ik heel benieuwd naar de menselijke blauwdruk achter de bestuurskundige en de denker die je nu bent.</p><p>Welke mensen hebben jou gevormd tot wie je nu bent? Wie zijn of waren jouw werkelijke helden? En dan bedoel ik niet de namen uit les- of geschiedenisboeken, maar de mensen dichtbij of veraf, levend of overleden, die jou hebben geleerd wat integriteit is, die je lieten zien hoe je een eigen koers vaart, of die je simpelweg toestemming gaven om eigenzinnig te zijn.&#8221;</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Verbeeld ik me dat, of worden de dagelijkse vragen van <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jochem Immerzeel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:9251866,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb2249a6-58f7-487d-b58d-d09742920f9f_832x832.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;0c0da6ee-5c1f-43ea-b0fd-9d8b6dd04bec&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> steeds beter? Ok&#233;, daar gaan we.</p><p>De vraag veronderstelt iets over het concept &#8216;mentor&#8217;. Sociologen en pedagogen weten al lang: je leert door imitatie. Helaas leer je daarbij niet alleen van goede, maar ook van slechte voorbeelden.</p><p>Daarom is de peergroup van jongeren zo belangrijk. Je moet echt even nadenken met wie je omgaat en met wie je je identificeert.</p><p>Persoonlijk was een eerste bron mijn oudere broer. Die had iets met muziek maken en speelde ooit in de cabaretgroep <em>Geen Bezoek Geen Bloemen</em>. Door hem ben ik zelf ook piano gaan spelen. Ook mijn vader speelde een rol: hij speelde keurig Chopin en riep steevast &#8220;fout!&#8221; bij weer een valse noot die ik aansloeg.</p><p>Mijn broer was ook nogal wild, en met hem dronk je in je jonge jaren soms wat te veel bier. Dat was minder, maar uiteindelijk ben je zelf verantwoordelijk; het zijn je eigen keuzes.</p><p>Een zeer goede vriend van hem was actief in de lokale politiek en werd wethouder in Leiden. Ik bewonderde hem enorm en heb een keer een dag meegelopen. Toen merkte ik hoe intens het wethouderschap in een grote stad is. Je staat voortdurend &#8216;aan&#8217; en moet continu beslissingen nemen. Hij was een vechter: je gaat ergens voor en je st&#225;&#225;t ervoor.</p><p>In de sportwereld had ik meerdere spelers om me heen die tegen de nationale top aanschurkten. Daar trok ik me aan op. Ik was beslist minder getalenteerd, maar wist me staande te houden. Daar leerde ik iets belangrijks: omring je altijd met mensen die beter en slimmer zijn, daar leer je het meeste van.</p><p>Uiteindelijk hield ik dat niveau niet vol. Ik werkte aan de universiteit, maar kon het hoge niveau van schrijven en denken niet bijbenen. Je kunt in het leven ook te veel willen. Ik was daar toch niet rationeel-systematisch of misschien simpelweg niet &#8216;neurotypisch&#8217; genoeg voor.</p><p>Vlak voor die universitaire periode trok ik veel op met iemand die later hoogleraar en voorzitter van het college van bestuur werd. Ook dat was leerzaam. Hij zei: ook al ben je nog zo slim, je moet gewoon keihard werken. Tegelijkertijd kon hij flink drinken en hield hij van het goede leven. Je kon ook behoorlijk wild met hem uitgaan. Wat me daarvan bijbleef, is dat je carri&#232;regericht kunt zijn en toch ruimte kunt laten voor losheid en plezier.</p><p>Daarna begonnen mijn helden wat op te drogen. Ik werd meer de held in mijn eigen verhaal. De uitzonderingen daarop waren topmuzikanten. Die waren vaak een tikje vreemd en soms lastig in de omgang, maar ze stelden extreem hoge eisen aan zichzelf. De wereld van de kunst is keihard, vergelijkbaar met topsport. Daar hou ik van: geen geklaag als je op het hoogste niveau wilt presteren. Hun norm was kwaliteit, tot je erbij neervalt.</p><p>Daarnaast trok ik steeds meer op met kunstenaars, zoals schilders. Die waren vaak complex en behoorlijk neurodivergent. Van hen leerde ik dat je &#8216;gek&#8217; gedrag kunt hanteren, dat je niet bang hoeft te zijn voor afwijking. Dat kwam me later als dagvoorzitter goed van pas. Omarm de gek in de ander, maar vooral ook in jezelf.</p><p>Op dit moment leer ik misschien wel het meest van tieners. Ik bewonder hun discipline en ambitie. Ze zijn verrassend weerbaar en kunnen veel aan. Als basketbalcoach vind ik het bijvoorbeeld geweldig om het team zelf te laten leiden, trainingen te laten verzorgen en tijdens wedstrijden zelf oplossingen te laten bedenken.</p><p>Ik vind dat je je hele leven helden moet blijven omarmen. Je zou het de kunst van het bewonderen kunnen noemen.<br><br></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Three Theories of Breakthrough: How Public Systems Shift from Drift to Sudden Change]]></title><description><![CDATA[Punctuated Equilibrium, Disproportionate Information Processing, and Emergence in Public Administration]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/three-theories-of-breakthrough-how</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/three-theories-of-breakthrough-how</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2026 13:32:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Aqd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4048184-6ed1-4a53-9769-f5d7dfa4ccf7_1024x559.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Aqd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4048184-6ed1-4a53-9769-f5d7dfa4ccf7_1024x559.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Aqd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4048184-6ed1-4a53-9769-f5d7dfa4ccf7_1024x559.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Aqd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4048184-6ed1-4a53-9769-f5d7dfa4ccf7_1024x559.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Aqd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4048184-6ed1-4a53-9769-f5d7dfa4ccf7_1024x559.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Aqd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4048184-6ed1-4a53-9769-f5d7dfa4ccf7_1024x559.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Aqd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4048184-6ed1-4a53-9769-f5d7dfa4ccf7_1024x559.jpeg" width="1024" height="559" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c4048184-6ed1-4a53-9769-f5d7dfa4ccf7_1024x559.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:559,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:55962,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/i/200613377?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4048184-6ed1-4a53-9769-f5d7dfa4ccf7_1024x559.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Aqd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4048184-6ed1-4a53-9769-f5d7dfa4ccf7_1024x559.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Aqd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4048184-6ed1-4a53-9769-f5d7dfa4ccf7_1024x559.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Aqd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4048184-6ed1-4a53-9769-f5d7dfa4ccf7_1024x559.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5Aqd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4048184-6ed1-4a53-9769-f5d7dfa4ccf7_1024x559.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>1. Three public-administration lenses on breakthroughs</strong></p><p>Open almost any standard text in public administration and the dominant impression is that policy changes slowly. Programmes are extended, regulations are adjusted, budgets move a little up or down each year, and institutions adapt through negotiation rather than rupture. That picture is not wrong, but it is incomplete. In practice, public systems often display a very different rhythm. For years a file appears immovable, and then, in a surprisingly short span of time, the terrain shifts. Measures that once looked politically impossible become unavoidable. Resources, rules and attention are suddenly reorganised. What seemed settled turns out to have been much less stable than it looked.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>There is a substantial, though still somewhat underused, body of scholarship that speaks directly to these moments of rupture. It asks not how systems reproduce stability, but why they sometimes stop doing so. Three approaches are especially valuable here. The first is punctuated equilibrium, which explains why long periods of relative calm are occasionally interrupted by short bursts of major change. The second concerns disproportionate information processing, which examines why public systems often absorb warning signs for a long time before reacting abruptly and sometimes excessively. The third is the literature on emergence and complexity, which shifts the focus from formal decision moments to the bottom-up formation of new patterns that later become institutionalised.</p><p>Taken together, these approaches form a useful canon for thinking about breakthroughs in public governance. They do not deny the importance of incremental adjustment. Instead, they correct the assumption that gradualism is the whole story. They help explain why institutions can remain inert for long stretches and then move in leaps; why the same information may be ignored for years and then suddenly become politically explosive; and why formal reform is often the codification of changes that began elsewhere, in practices, experiments and local deviations.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>2. Punctuated equilibrium: long stability, sudden change</strong></p><p>Punctuated Equilibrium Theory begins with an empirical puzzle. When long time series of public budgets are examined, the data do not usually show smooth, evenly distributed adaptation. Most changes are small. But mixed into those long stretches of minor adjustment are occasional sharp jumps. Entire policy sectors can experience sudden large increases or decreases in funding, responsibility or regulatory ambition. The same pattern can be seen in the history of policy regimes more broadly. Long periods of institutional continuity are sometimes interrupted by intense episodes of reform.</p><p>The theory explains this by pointing to the stabilising tendencies of political and administrative systems. Public agendas are crowded. Decision routines privilege familiar issues and manageable adjustments. Organised interests defend existing allocations and institutional settlements. Under normal conditions, those forces keep policy within narrow boundaries. Small corrections are possible, but large departures are filtered out. This is why incrementalism remains such a powerful description of everyday governance.</p><p>A breakthrough occurs when that equilibrium is temporarily disturbed. Sometimes the disturbance is dramatic: a crisis, scandal or disaster delegitimises the existing approach. Sometimes it is cumulative: reports, incidents and weak signals accumulate for years until they can no longer be contained. Sometimes the shift is political: a coalition changes, a problem is reframed, and the assumptions that once protected the status quo lose their force. In each case, the system&#8217;s filtering mechanisms begin to operate differently. Issues that were marginal suddenly become central; options that were dismissed become discussable.</p><p>In this perspective, a breakthrough is not simply &#8220;big change.&#8221; It is a short phase in which the normal brakes on change are released. That is why a dossier can move further in a few months than it did in the previous decade. Once the episode has passed, the system typically settles again, but it settles around a new arrangement. Punctuated equilibrium therefore offers not just a language for crisis-driven reform, but a more general way of understanding why periods of calm may coexist with abrupt shifts in policy direction.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>3. Disproportionate information processing: when a system can no longer ignore itself</strong></p><p>The second approach narrows the focus from whole-system dynamics to the way public systems handle information. Classical decision models often assume a roughly proportional relationship between signals and response. If problems intensify, policy adapts gradually; if they intensify further, responses become stronger. Yet empirical work repeatedly shows that this is not how many public systems operate. For long periods they underreact. Signals are discounted, explained away, categorised as anomalies or treated as isolated incidents. Then, suddenly, a threshold is crossed and a phase of sharp response begins.</p><p>What matters here is not merely the presence of information, but the interpretive frame through which information is processed. A signal does not enter the political system as raw fact. It arrives already embedded in categories, assumptions and narratives. As long as a problem can be interpreted as an exception, a local failure or a manageable irregularity, institutions can absorb a great deal of negative information without changing course. Reports are filed, hearings are held, perhaps a procedural adjustment is made, but the underlying frame remains intact.</p><p>A breakthrough begins when the dominant frame stops holding. The same signals now tell a different story. What looked like isolated cases begins to look systemic. What seemed operational begins to appear political. What was treated as unfortunate but tolerable becomes evidence of institutional failure. At that point, information that had circulated for years can become explosive almost overnight. The breakthrough is therefore not simply a response to &#8220;new evidence,&#8221; but to a new interpretation of accumulated evidence.</p><p>This makes the approach especially important for anyone interested in public monitoring, evaluation and institutional learning. It shifts attention away from the na&#239;ve question of whether there is enough data and toward the harder question of how data are translated into meaning. Who gets to define what a pattern signifies? Which anomalies are treated as noise, and which are recognised as symptoms? Why does one report disappear into a filing system while another triggers parliamentary scrutiny, media attention or major redesign? Disproportionate information processing offers a way of thinking about these moments when a system&#8217;s story about itself becomes untenable.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>4. Emergence and complexity: breakthroughs from below</strong></p><p>The third approach begins from a different premise altogether. Instead of focusing first on agendas or interpretive frames, it looks at public governance as a complex adaptive environment. Public organisations and governance networks involve many actors operating with partial knowledge, mutual dependence and shifting constraints. In such settings, change does not always come from the centre. It often begins at the edges, in local improvisations, workarounds, experiments and informal collaborations that have not yet acquired formal recognition.</p><p>The literature on complexity and emergence is concerned with precisely these dynamics. It asks how new patterns come into being without being centrally designed. A team develops a novel way of dealing with a bottleneck. A municipality adapts a policy instrument to fit a local problem. A cross-organisational network creates practical routines that sit uneasily with existing formal rules but solve real coordination failures. Most such variations remain local and disappear. Some prove useful enough to be copied. Others become visible through repetition, adaptation and diffusion. Eventually, what began as deviation starts to look like a pattern.</p><p>From this perspective, a breakthrough is the point at which such an emergent pattern becomes hard to reverse. Formal institutions may still lag behind, but reality has already shifted. What later appears in strategy papers, statutory changes or formal programmes is often not the beginning of reform but its delayed recognition. The formal system catches up with practices that have already demonstrated viability in the field.</p><p>This is a crucial corrective to top-down accounts of institutional change. It draws attention to the importance of small, often messy experiments and to the distributed intelligence of public systems. It also complicates the notion of reform. Not every meaningful transformation begins with a decision at the top. Some begin with tolerated deviation, practical adaptation and peer-to-peer diffusion. Emergence theory therefore helps explain why breakthroughs may be visible in practice long before they are acknowledged in formal policy language.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>5. Working with the three lenses</strong></p><p>These three approaches are analytical rather than procedural, but each implies a distinct practical orientation.</p><p>A punctuated-equilibrium perspective directs attention to timing, agenda windows and preparation. If breakthroughs happen when equilibrium is temporarily disturbed, then actors must be ready before the window opens. That means building arguments, coalitions and alternatives in periods when nothing appears to be moving. It also means recognising focusing moments quickly and using them decisively. A report, scandal, court ruling or crisis does not automatically produce a breakthrough. It becomes one only if there are actors prepared to frame the moment, connect it to a broader problem and present viable alternatives.</p><p>A disproportionate-information-processing perspective shifts attention to knowledge systems and interpretive structures. Here the practical task is not merely to gather more information, but to prevent important signals from being neutralised too early. Monitoring systems, evaluation designs and review procedures can be organised in ways that either smooth out anomalies or keep them politically and analytically visible. The same applies to language. If all troubling patterns are immediately translated into safe, procedural vocabulary, they are less likely to trigger re-evaluation. Working from this lens means designing institutions that allow deviant signals, minority interpretations and uncomfortable evidence to remain in play.</p><p>An emergence-and-complexity perspective places emphasis on variation, learning and protection. If breakthroughs can grow from below, then public systems need spaces in which alternatives can be tried without immediate suppression by standard procedures or accountability routines. This does not mean abandoning oversight. It means recognising that too much early standardisation can kill precisely the kinds of variation from which viable new patterns emerge. The practical challenge is to create room for local experimentation, connect experiments through strong learning infrastructures, and recognise when a local deviation is no longer merely local but the beginning of a wider shift.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>6. Pitfalls</strong></p><p>Each lens brings its own characteristic dangers.</p><p>With punctuated equilibrium, the first pitfall is retrospective storytelling. It is easy to look back after a policy shift and declare that a punctuation has occurred, without drawing any lessons for how to prepare for such moments in real time. The second pitfall is inflationary use of the concept of breakthrough. If every significant change is labelled a punctuation, the idea loses its analytical sharpness and becomes a rhetorical flourish rather than a tool of explanation.</p><p>With disproportionate information processing, the most obvious pitfall is technocratic overconfidence. Institutions often assume that more indicators, more dashboards and more reports will automatically improve responsiveness. But if the interpretive frame remains unchanged, additional information may simply be absorbed into existing routines. A second danger is neutralisation: critical signals are acknowledged, but translated into language so sterile and procedural that they no longer challenge anything fundamental.</p><p>With emergence and complexity, the classic pitfall is adopting the language without changing the operating logic. Organisations may speak fluently about adaptability, self-organisation and learning while still rewarding compliance, standardisation and risk aversion above all else. Another danger lies in underestimating power. Emergent practices that threaten established budgets, hierarchies or jurisdictions are likely to provoke resistance. Complexity does not eliminate politics; it often makes its boundaries more visible.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>7. Literature &#8211; expanded and thematically clustered</strong></p><p><strong>7.1 Punctuated equilibrium and policy breakthroughs</strong></p><p><strong>Core theory and overview</strong></p><ul><li><p>Frank R. Baumgartner &#8211; <em>A Model of Choice for Public Policy</em><br>A foundational article showing how policy exhibits long periods of stability interspersed with abrupt change, and linking those patterns to attention, agenda dynamics and institutional friction.<br>http://fbaum.unc.edu/articles/JPART_2005_A_Model_of_Choice.pdf</p></li><li><p>Frank R. Baumgartner, Bryan D. Jones, Peter Mortensen &#8211; <em>Punctuated Equilibrium Theory</em><br>A compact but authoritative overview of the key assumptions, empirical findings and main variants of punctuated equilibrium theory in policy research. It works well as a canonical reference point.<br>http://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003308201-4/punctuated-equilibrium-theory-frank-baumgartner-bryan-jones-peter-mortensen</p></li></ul><p><strong>Applications and extensions</strong></p><ul><li><p>Moses Sichach &#8211; <em>Punctuated Equilibrium Theory in Advocacy</em><br>Extends punctuated equilibrium into the field of advocacy and shows how actors outside government can work with windows of attention and moments of disproportionate change.<br>http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4927910</p></li><li><p><em>Between Incrementalism and Punctuated Equilibrium: the case &#8230;</em><br>An empirical study of budgetary dynamics showing that incremental adjustment and punctuations coexist in the same system. Especially useful for demonstrating that breakthroughs do not replace gradualism but interrupt it.<br>http://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/cejpp-2021-0007</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p><strong>7.2 Disproportionate information processing and agenda dynamics</strong></p><p><strong>Information, attention and overreaction</strong></p><ul><li><p>Baumgartner and Jones &#8211; writings on information processing and attention<br>A broader line of work showing how policy systems often underreact to signals for long periods and then respond abruptly, with implications for agenda-setting, budget change and institutional adaptation. A useful entry point remains:<br>http://fbaum.unc.edu/articles/JPART_2005_A_Model_of_Choice.pdf</p></li><li><p><em>Between Incrementalism and Punctuated Equilibrium: the case &#8230;</em><br>The same article is also valuable here because it can be read specifically as a study of how systems process information unevenly and display threshold effects rather than smooth adaptation.<br>http://reference-global.com/article/10.2478/cejpp-2021-0007</p></li></ul><p><strong>Agenda-setting, framing and policy images</strong></p><ul><li><p>Overview chapter in the same punctuated-equilibrium literature<br>Particularly useful for connecting policy change to agenda-setting, framing and policy images. It helps situate breakthroughs not just as budgetary anomalies, but as shifts in interpretive and political attention.<br>http://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003308201-4/punctuated-equilibrium-theory-frank-baumgartner-bryan-jones-peter-mortensen</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p><strong>7.3 Emergence, complexity and self-organisation in public administration</strong></p><p><strong>Theoretical foundations for emergence in governance</strong></p><ul><li><p>G. Teisman et al. &#8211; <em>Emergence and Public Administration</em><br>A substantial literature review linking emergence, self-organisation, feedback and complexity to public governance. It is especially valuable as a theoretical backbone for any argument about breakthroughs developing from below.<br>http://repub.eur.nl/pub/19223/Emergence_and_PublicAdministration_FINAL.pdf</p></li></ul><p><strong>Complex systems and governance practice</strong></p><ul><li><p>Additional complexity-oriented literature in the same line of work<br>Useful for deepening the view of public organisations as complex adaptive systems and for tracing how new patterns of cooperation and institutional change can grow out of local interaction.<br>Access point to related repository material:<br></p></li></ul><p>http://repub.eur.nl</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>7.4 Broader public-administration context</strong></p><p><strong>Mainstream public-administration reference point</strong></p><ul><li><p><em>Public Administration</em><br>A broad overview source that sketches the mainstream terrain of public administration &#8211; decision-making, organisation theory, policy analysis and related approaches &#8211; against which the breakthrough-focused canon can be positioned.<br>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_administration</p></li></ul><p><strong>General readers and introductory texts</strong></p><ul><li><p>Standard textbooks and readers in public administration<br>Useful for demonstrating how strongly incremental and procedural views of change still shape the field, and therefore for clarifying what the three approaches in this chapter add: a language for leaps, thresholds, emergence and discontinuity.<br>These should ideally be aligned with the specific textbooks used in the broader manuscript or course context.<br></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_YdE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac8a19c6-a2ae-441f-a297-d164ef7f80d2_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div 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Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Muziek geeft identiteit: vijf levensfases in klanken]]></title><description><![CDATA[Hoe soul, rock, clubs, Americana en wereldmuziek mijn blik op mezelf en de wereld hebben gevormd]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/muziek-geeft-identiteit-vijf-levensfases</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/muziek-geeft-identiteit-vijf-levensfases</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 03 Jun 2026 08:56:18 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcQV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25ed0d95-e9e8-477f-9621-af4d6fd045bb_2752x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jochem Immerzeel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:9251866,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb2249a6-58f7-487d-b58d-d09742920f9f_832x832.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;72cbaf63-850b-43bd-8a59-ea490a445b36&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> stelt weer een mooie vraag:</p><p><em>Nu we het via jouw kinderboek hebben gehad over de verhalen die ons bewustzijn vormen, is er nog een andere belangrijke factor: muziek. Iedere generatie heeft muziek die meekleurt hoe je opgroeit, keuzes maakt en naar jezelf kijkt. Als ik terugkijk op de afgelopen vijftig jaar, zie ik een aantal duidelijke fases.</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcQV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25ed0d95-e9e8-477f-9621-af4d6fd045bb_2752x1536.png" width="1456" height="813" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcQV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25ed0d95-e9e8-477f-9621-af4d6fd045bb_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcQV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25ed0d95-e9e8-477f-9621-af4d6fd045bb_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcQV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25ed0d95-e9e8-477f-9621-af4d6fd045bb_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcQV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25ed0d95-e9e8-477f-9621-af4d6fd045bb_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>1. Soul en blues</strong></p><p>Het begon voor mij met soul en blues. Muziek met veel gevoel, vaak rauw, soms melancholisch, maar altijd direct. Dat trok me aan: stemmen die niet netjes gladgestreken zijn, maar waar je iets in hoort van strijd, verlangen en hoop.</p><p>Op de middelbare school kreeg dat ook een uitwerking in stijl, maar dan net anders dan de meeste anderen om me heen. Waar veel klasgenoten kozen voor leren jassen en een duidelijk rockprofiel, trok mij dat minder. Ik koos eerder voor soulblouses en wijde pijpen. Subtiel, maar toch een manier om te laten zien: ik zit net anders in elkaar.</p><p>Die soul en blues leerden me dat emotie niet iets is om weg te duwen, maar juist iets wat richting kan geven. Het maakte me gevoeliger voor ondertonen in mensen en situaties. Niet alleen luisteren naar wat er gezegd wordt, maar ook naar hoe.</p><p><strong>2. Rock en het mythische leven eromheen</strong></p><p>Daarna kwam een fase waarin rock en het leven rondom artiesten meer op de voorgrond kwamen. Artiesten als David Bowie, The Rolling Stones en in Nederland iemand als Herman Brood waren groter dan alleen hun muziek. Het ging ook om houding, gedrag en een soort mythe rondom &#8220;leven op het randje&#8221;.</p><p>Ik raakte gefascineerd door biografie&#235;n: de verhalen achter de platen, de optredens, de ontsporingen. Er zat een soort romantiek in het overtreden van regels, in niet willen deugen, in het idee dat creativiteit en chaos bij elkaar horen.</p><p>Later ben ik daar anders naar gaan kijken. Wat eerst spannend of vrij leek, bleek vaak gewoon destructief: voor henzelf en hun omgeving. Toch heeft die fase iets gedaan met mijn beeld van vrijheid, verantwoordelijkheid en wat je wel en niet &#8220;normaal&#8221; gaat vinden. Het liet zien hoe makkelijk je gedrag kunt goedpraten als het in een aantrekkelijk verhaal wordt verpakt.</p><p><strong>3. Lounge, elektronica en clubcultuur (Eddy De Clercq)</strong></p><p>Daarna schoof mijn aandacht op naar elektronica, lounge en het clubleven. Muziek waar sfeer en ritme belangrijker werden dan het klassieke beeld van een band op een podium. Denk aan house, techno, lounge, maar ook later drum-&#8217;n-bass en andere clubstijlen.</p><p>Wat mij daarin trof, was dat muziek ineens minder om de individuele artiest draaide, en meer om de totale ervaring. Clubs, kleinere zalen, avonden die in elkaar overlopen. Licht, geluid, visuals, mensen die samen dansen zonder dat iemand precies uitlegt wat de bedoeling is. Je bent onderdeel van iets groters, zonder dat je zelf in het middelpunt hoeft te staan.</p><p>Daar past ook het boek Laat de nacht nooit eindigen van Eddy De Clercq en Martijn Haas bij. </p><p><a href="https://www.bol.com/nl/nl/p/laat-de-nacht-nooit-eindigen-ebook/9200000050067871/">Laat de nacht nooit eindigen</a><br><br>De Clercq was een van de aanjagers van de Nederlandse dance- en clubcultuur, met onder andere de RoXY. In dat boek wordt mooi zichtbaar hoe kleine clubs, feesten en scenes plekken werden waar mensen experimenteerden met wie ze waren en hoe ze zich wilden gedragen. Uitgaan was niet alleen vermaak, maar ook een soort proeftuin voor identiteit.</p><p>Voor mij bracht deze fase een ander soort vrijheid. Minder gericht op de &#8220;held&#8221; op het podium, meer op het gevoel in de ruimte. Ik leerde dat je ook jezelf kunt verliezen in de massa op een positieve manier: niet verdwijnen, maar even niet hoeven sturen. Dat heeft mijn kijk op controle, loslaten en samen dingen meemaken sterk be&#239;nvloed.</p><p><strong>4. Americana en folk van nu</strong></p><p>Na die grote, collectieve ervaringen groeide de behoefte aan kleiner, rustiger en persoonlijker. Moderne Americana en folk boden dat. Liedjes met nadruk op tekst, sfeer en verhalen. Minder bombarie, minder pose.</p><p>In die muziek gaat het vaak om thema&#8217;s als verlies, keuzes, schuld, verzoening, onderweg zijn. Dat zijn onderwerpen die niet per se spectaculair zijn, maar wel herkenbaar. De kracht zit in de eenvoud en in het feit dat een nummer je gevoel kan verwoorden zonder dat het er dik bovenop ligt.</p><p>Deze fase heeft mijn aandacht meer naar de inhoud van verhalen verschoven. Niet alleen &#8220;klinkt dit lekker?&#8221;, maar: wat wordt hier eigenlijk gezegd? En klopt dat ook met hoe iemand leeft en optreedt? Het heeft me gevoeliger gemaakt voor integriteit en consistentie: wat je zegt, wat je doet en hoe je overkomt, zouden in de buurt van elkaar moeten liggen.</p><p><strong>5. Wereldmuziek en verbreding</strong></p><p>De meest recente laag is een verbreding richting wereldmuziek: van afrobeat tot fado en allerlei hybride vormen daartussen. Dankzij internet en streaming is het makkelijk geworden om buiten de bekende paden te luisteren. Je komt muziek tegen uit landen en sc&#232;nes waar je anders nooit mee in aanraking zou komen.<br></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6ykv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd952acfd-6bef-4612-af3f-f0ee793ca10c_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6ykv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd952acfd-6bef-4612-af3f-f0ee793ca10c_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6ykv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd952acfd-6bef-4612-af3f-f0ee793ca10c_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6ykv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd952acfd-6bef-4612-af3f-f0ee793ca10c_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6ykv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd952acfd-6bef-4612-af3f-f0ee793ca10c_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6ykv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd952acfd-6bef-4612-af3f-f0ee793ca10c_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6ykv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd952acfd-6bef-4612-af3f-f0ee793ca10c_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6ykv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd952acfd-6bef-4612-af3f-f0ee793ca10c_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6ykv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd952acfd-6bef-4612-af3f-f0ee793ca10c_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6ykv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd952acfd-6bef-4612-af3f-f0ee793ca10c_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><br><em>Aangeboden door Ministerie van Onderstroom</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Conformity, Mediocrity and Governance]]></title><description><![CDATA[Reflections on Cass Sunstein&#8217;s Conformity in governance practice]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/conformity-mediocrity-and-governance</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/conformity-mediocrity-and-governance</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2026 09:03:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pu6R!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0160ca23-a62f-4ddd-a4b7-60341be0e10e_629x693.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pu6R!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0160ca23-a62f-4ddd-a4b7-60341be0e10e_629x693.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pu6R!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0160ca23-a62f-4ddd-a4b7-60341be0e10e_629x693.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pu6R!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0160ca23-a62f-4ddd-a4b7-60341be0e10e_629x693.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pu6R!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0160ca23-a62f-4ddd-a4b7-60341be0e10e_629x693.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pu6R!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0160ca23-a62f-4ddd-a4b7-60341be0e10e_629x693.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pu6R!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0160ca23-a62f-4ddd-a4b7-60341be0e10e_629x693.png" width="629" height="693" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In this piece I explore the relationship between conformity, the dominance of mediocrity, and what I call the administrative understream. The point of departure is Cass Sunstein&#8217;s <em>Conformity: The Power of Social Influences</em>, in which he shows how social pressure and group influence profoundly shape our decisions and institutions. I connect his analysis with public&#8209;administration insights on groupthink, deliberative democracy and adaptive governance. The central question is how we can design governance in such a way that conformity does not automatically result in mediocrity, but is bounded by organised counterforce and real alternatives.</p><p><strong>1. Conformity as a basic driver of behaviour</strong></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Sunstein describes conformity as people&#8217;s tendency to adapt to what others think and do. Roughly speaking, this happens for two reasons. First, we assume that others probably possess relevant information (&#8220;if they all think that, there must be something to it&#8221;). Second, we care about our reputation and about belonging (&#8220;I don&#8217;t want to be the one who stands out in a strange way&#8221;). In situations with a lot of uncertainty or ambiguous information, people therefore often follow the majority, even when their own judgement actually points in a different direction.</p><p>The result is that people frequently swallow their own observations and doubts, especially when these go against the mood in the group. Sunstein refers to this as suppressing &#8220;private signals&#8221;: signals that someone genuinely feels internally, but does not express. In administrative contexts this is a familiar pattern. Office&#8209;holders and civil servants do not operate as solitary thinkers, but as members of cabinets, executive boards, departments and policy networks. In such environments it is not only substantively challenging to go against the current, but also socially and career&#8209;wise. Deviating can damage reputations, raise questions of loyalty or be politically risky. The incentive to move along with the dominant frame is therefore strong.</p><p>Sunstein emphasises that conformity in itself is not wrong. Without some degree of adjustment and coordination, collective action would hardly be possible. The problem arises when these same mechanisms ensure that relevant information and divergent perspectives structurally no longer reach the table. Governance and policy can then look rational and careful on the outside, while the substance has been impoverished because crucial signals were suppressed early on. The administrative &#8220;mediocrity&#8221; that then emerges is not a neutral average, but the outcome of a selection process in which everything that deviates too much has already dropped out.</p><p><strong>2. Out-groups, cascades and echo chambers</strong></p><p>An important element of Sunstein&#8217;s analysis is the distinction between in&#8209;groups and out&#8209;groups. People attach more weight to the opinions of &#8220;their own people&#8221; and tend to downplay or actively reject views from outsiders. This phenomenon is often referred to as reactive devaluation: an idea is taken less seriously because it comes from the &#8220;wrong&#8221; source, not because it is substantively weak.</p><p>For governance this matters because a great deal of policy is produced in relatively homogeneous networks: policy officers, office&#8209;holders, experts and interest groups who know each other well and speak roughly the same language. In such networks, in&#8209;groups dominate and out&#8209;group perspectives easily disappear from view. This concerns not only citizens, but also minority positions among professionals, implementation practices or critical scholars.</p><p>Sunstein shows how this can lead to cascades. In a cascade, individuals adjust their own judgement simply because they see others already moving in a particular direction. The first decisions pull the rest along. What begins as a provisional majority is then quickly experienced as &#8220;the logical line&#8221; or even as hard truth. As the cascade progresses, it becomes increasingly difficult to resist it, even as doubts accumulate.</p><p>Digital media reinforce this dynamic. In echo chambers, people are mainly confronted with information and opinions that confirm their existing views. Algorithms reward what attracts attention and push diverging or less popular voices to the margins. For governance this means, on the one hand, that public opinion can become more volatile and polarised, and on the other, that professionals themselves can become locked into their own information bubbles. Both developments reduce the chance that divergent insights will still be fully taken into account.</p><p><strong>3. Groupthink and professional mediocrity</strong></p><p>Within public administration, this analysis closely aligns with the concept of groupthink, as developed by Irving Janis. Groupthink arises in tightly knit, loyal decision&#8209;making groups that attach great value to harmony and unity. In such groups, divergent perspectives are discouraged, risks are downplayed and alternatives are insufficiently explored. The drive to &#8220;stay on one line&#8221; then weighs more heavily than concern for the quality of decisions.</p><p>In administrative practice, groupthink often takes on a professional form. There are strong informal norms about what counts as &#8220;reasonable&#8221;, &#8220;feasible&#8221; and &#8220;professional&#8221;. Policy language, templates, procedures and accountability systems act as filters: only what fits those patterns is quickly taken seriously. Ideas or concerns that fall outside them are labelled &#8220;activist&#8221;, &#8220;too political&#8221; or &#8220;unrealistic&#8221;. The result is a form of mediocrity: not so much statistically average, but safe, predictable and socially acceptable.</p><p>This is reinforced by the way public organisations are held to account. The stronger the focus on incidents, audits, inquiries and political responsibility, the greater the temptation to choose policies that are primarily defensible. Caution, risk management and reputation protection then take precedence. In organisational terms this often leads to so&#8209;called single&#8209;loop learning: errors are corrected within the existing frame. Implementation and procedure are adjusted, but the underlying assumptions (about problem definitions, target groups, success criteria) remain outside the line of fire.</p><p>Double&#8209;loop learning &#8211; questioning those underlying assumptions &#8211; by definition requires deviation. It means people explicitly question the system&#8217;s taken&#8209;for&#8209;granted foundations: why do we do this in this way, for whom are we actually working, which interests have been normalised here? In contexts where conformity is rewarded and deviation is risky, this form of learning is fragile.</p><p><strong>4. Dissent as an administrative resource</strong></p><p>Both Sunstein and the groupthink literature underline that dissent &#8211; the expression of divergent views &#8211; serves a crucial societal function. The dissenter brings information, concerns and perspectives into the open that would otherwise be lost. The painful paradox is that this function is often carried by individual people, while the costs of deviation also land on them personally. They incur reputational damage, are seen as troublesome, or become isolated.</p><p>From a public&#8209;administration perspective, the question then becomes: how can dissent be turned from an accidental by&#8209;product into a structural component of the system? How can opposition be organised in such a way that divergent voices are not only tolerated, but actively elicited and protected?</p><p>Sunstein strongly emphasises institutional safeguards: fundamental rights, checks and balances, an independent judiciary and freedoms such as freedom of expression. These create a buffer against majority pressure and ensure that minorities can continue to be heard, even in times of crisis or conflict. In organisations, similar principles apply, translated into internal structures: roles with an explicit mandate to challenge, fixed procedural rules that require critical review, and cultures in which minority positions are not automatically equated with disloyalty.</p><p>Within public&#8209;administration thinking, this has given rise to the concept of &#8220;organised dissent&#8221;. The idea is that opposition should not be left to individuals, but embedded in the way an organisation prepares and takes decisions. Examples include designated &#8220;counter&#8209;readers&#8221;, red teams for major dossiers, internal ombud functions or review panels with independent members. In this way, dissent moves from heroic exception to a normal part of careful decision&#8209;making.</p><p>Sunstein adds a second point: sometimes a single dissenting voice can suffice to break a conformist spiral. The condition is that this voice is made audible and legitimate. If that one voice remains marginal, little changes. If it is given a formal place in the process, it can tilt the entire conversation. For governance, this means that the design of consultation and decision&#8209;making processes directly determines how much room there is for the understream.</p><p><strong>5. Deliberative and adaptive counter-movements</strong></p><p>Several recent strands in public&#8209;administration thinking attempt to deal concretely with the tension between conformity and diversity of perspectives. Deliberative democracy is an important example. Deliberative practices &#8211; such as citizens&#8217; assemblies and other mini&#8209;publics &#8211; bring together a randomly selected group of citizens, give them time and information, and invite them into a facilitated conversation on complex issues. The underlying idea is that, in such a context, people are less dependent on party&#8209;political reflexes and group pressure and have more space to form and revise their views.</p><p>In such mini&#8209;publics, it is explicitly intended that different perspectives coexist and are examined. The outcome is not a quick consensus, but a more thoroughly considered understanding of the problem and the possible solutions. Crucially, minority arguments do not disappear, but are recorded and fed back to formal decision&#8209;makers. This makes it harder to filter the understream completely out of the policy documents.</p><p>In thinking on adaptive governance, we see a different but related movement. Instead of one large policy programme that requires full consensus in advance, work increasingly proceeds with portfolios of experiments and safe&#8209;to&#8209;fail pilots. Different approaches are tested in parallel, each based on clearly different assumptions. A dissenting idea does not first have to defeat the mainstream path, but can be explored alongside it. The question shifts from &#8220;who is right?&#8221; to &#8220;what do we learn from the different trajectories?&#8221;.</p><p>Public value governance, finally, highlights the tension between multiple public values. Many issues cannot be reduced to a single objective. They involve balancing values such as security and liberty, efficiency and inclusiveness, the short and the long term. The tendency towards mediocrity shows up here in the quick conclusion of compromises that mainly smooth over these tensions. Public value thinking, by contrast, argues for keeping those tensions visible and discussable and embedding them institutionally. Minority positions then appear not as disruptions of the process, but as expressions of legitimate partial interests or values that would otherwise be pushed under the table.</p><p><strong>6. Technology as part of the problem and part of the solution</strong></p><p>Technology plays an ambivalent role in all this. On the one hand, social media and algorithmic recommendation systems reinforce conformity and polarisation. Popular content is shown more often, giving dominant narratives ever greater reach. Divergent voices become less visible, unless they take the form of strongly polarising expressions that in turn create their own echo chambers. For governance this means that the information environment is less stable and more fragmented, while the pressure grows to respond to highly visible, rapidly shifting waves of opinion.</p><p>On the other hand, technology offers tools to support deliberation and dissent in new ways. Digital participation platforms can be designed so that not only the most &#8220;liked&#8221; arguments rise to the top, but also under&#8209;represented perspectives. Online sessions can include anonymous rounds in which participants put forward ideas without their role or reputation immediately being at stake. Tools can be set up to ensure that whenever a high degree of consensus appears, counter&#8209;arguments are actively solicited, so that groupthink is detected at an early stage.</p><p>The use of technology thus becomes part of institutional design: one either chooses to reinforce existing patterns of power and influence, or to build in mechanisms that make the understream more visible.</p><p><strong>7. Alternatives as a structural design choice</strong></p><p>A relatively simple but substantively far&#8209;reaching strategy is to make the systematic presentation of serious alternatives a standard feature of decision&#8209;making. Instead of working with a single preferred option plus a range of marginal variants, one can agree that every substantial decision will include at least one clearly divergent route. This requires discipline: the alternative must not be a caricature designed only to be shot down, but a fully developed policy line based on different assumptions or values.</p><p>Such a practice has several effects. First, it becomes visible that there are always multiple ways of defining and addressing a problem. Second, minority views gain a concrete vehicle: they exist not just as loose signals, but as elaborated scenarios. Third, the basis for learning improves. If, in practice, the dominant path turns out to work less well than expected, an alternative is already available that has been thought through in advance.</p><p>In this sense, the role of divergent positions shifts. They are not only corrective (&#8220;watch out, something is going wrong here&#8221;), but also constitutive: they help shape the basis on which policy is designed, tested and adjusted. The dominance of mediocrity is then not countered by moral appeals to &#8220;be braver&#8221;, but by structures that ensure there is always more than one viable course on the table.</p><p><strong>8. Play as an administrative intervention</strong></p><p>Within this discussion, play also deserves a serious place, especially in public governance. Serious games and policy simulations can be seen as administrative work forms in which the usual pressure of hierarchy, routine and institutional role rigidity is temporarily reduced. This makes it possible not only to talk about an issue, but also to experience it in a different form: participants adopt other perspectives, explore the consequences of choices, and feel directly how quickly groups revert to familiar patterns, safe assumptions and socially accepted middle positions. Rather than only discussing policy cognitively, it becomes visible how behavioural reflexes, role perceptions and relationships steer decision&#8209;making. Play thus functions as a mirror of administrative practice, in which the understream &#8211; implicit assumptions, tacit loyalties and unspoken doubts &#8211; surfaces much more quickly than in regular meetings.</p><p>The value of this is significant from a public&#8209;administration perspective. Serious games create a bounded but meaningful experimental space in which divergent logics, minority positions and alternative futures can be explored without first having to be fully legitimised politically or organisationally. The safe middle position is not the default in a well&#8209;designed game, but one of several possible strategies whose consequences can be tested. This allows policy to be based less on assumed rationality and more on jointly examined scenarios. In game settings, temporary coalitions and role switches emerge that hardly occur in the real organisation: a civil servant might play a citizen activist, a political office&#8209;holder might take on the role of regulator. This inversion of roles disrupts existing in&#8209; and out&#8209;group distinctions and makes visible how the same situation looks from other positions. In an administrative context where conformity is often quietly rewarded, play can thus function as a method for temporarily stepping back from the dominance of mediocrity and regaining access to the understream of doubt, difference and imagination.</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>Literature</strong></p><p><em>Conformity and social influence</em><br>Sunstein, C. R. <em>Conformity: The Power of Social Influences</em><br>http://www.nyupress.org/9781479867830/conformity/</p><p>Sunstein, C. R. <em>Conformity and Dissent</em><br>https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/law_and_economics/117/</p><p>Review of <em>Conformity: The Power of Social Influences</em><br>https://www.psqonline.org/article.cfm?IDArticle=20092</p><p><em>Groupthink and decision&#8209;making</em><br>Janis, I. L. <em>Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes</em><br>https://www1.goramblers.org/literacy/files?ID=HOx87-2513&amp;title=janis-1982-groupthink.pdf</p><p>Review and summary of groupthink research<br>http://web.mit.edu/writing/2012/Grad_Summary_Readings/beyond_fiasco_final.pdf</p><p><em>Deliberative democracy and mini&#8209;publics</em><br>Smith, G. <em>Democratic Innovations: Designing Institutions for Citizen Participation</em><br>https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/democratic-innovations/</p><p>Mini&#8209;Publics and Deliberative Democracy<br>https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28086/chapter-abstract/212144050</p><p>Overview article on deliberative mini&#8209;publics<br>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-journal-of-political-research/article/what-can-deliberative-minipublics-contribute-to/</p><p><em>Adaptive governance and learning</em><br>Governance and Complexity: Emerging Issues for Governance Theory<br>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2008.00402.x</p><p>A Conceptual Framework for Analysing Adaptive Capacity and Multi&#8209;Level Learning Processes in Resource Governance Regimes<br>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378009000260</p><p><em>Public value and plurality</em><br>Moore, M. H. <em>Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government</em><br>https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674175587</p><p>Public Value Governance: Moving beyond Traditional Public Administration and the New Public Management<br>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/puar.12238</p><p><em>Technology, echo chambers and filter bubbles</em><br>Sunstein, C. R. <em>#Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media</em><br>https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691175515/republic</p><p>Pariser, E. <em>The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You</em><br>https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/307213/the-filter-bubble-by-eli-pariser/</p><p><em>Serious games, simulation and policy</em><br>Simulation/Gaming for Policy Development and Organizational Change<br>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/104687819802900402</p><p>Serious Gaming for Developing Open Government Data Policies by Local Governments<br>https://research.tudelft.nl/en/publications/serious-gaming-for-developing-open-government-data-policies-by-lo/</p><p>Policy Simulations<br></p><p>https://policy.socialsimulations.org</p><p>MARCHI: A Serious Game for Participatory Governance<br>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212041623000426</p><p><em>Serious games, learning and administrative practice</em><br>Teaching Policymaking with Games<br>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01447394251386750</p><p>More than Chair Circles? A Qualitative Systematic Review of Serious Games in Water Governance<br>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02508060.2025.2501511</p><p>Serious Games to Support Organisation Design<br>https://openpolicy.blog.gov.uk/2025/12/09/serious-games-to-support-organisation-design/</p><p>A Most Delightful Way to Get Work Done: Serious Games for Policymaking<br>https://policy-lab.ec.europa.eu/stories/most-delightful-way-get-work-done-serious-games-policymaking-2025-11-20_en</p><p>Serious Games for Policymakers<br>https://perspectivity-challenge.org/for-who/for-policymakers/</p><p>Serious games and management simulations<br>https://www.unitedknowledge.nl/diensten/serious-games</p><p>Change programmes in the public sector<br>https://www.salsaparilla.nl/trajecten-overheid/<br><br><em>Presented by Ministerie van Onderstroom. </em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><br><em><br></em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Het Geheim van de Stad]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mijn ultieme kinderboek beststeller!]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/het-geheim-van-de-stad</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/het-geheim-van-de-stad</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2026 07:37:40 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FGU-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df945ab-db8a-4e63-aa7e-ff74ca5ca553_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jochem Immerzeel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:9251866,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb2249a6-58f7-487d-b58d-d09742920f9f_832x832.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;5fb640e0-5baa-438a-be93-0ccf0cf1a28a&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> stelde de vraag: <em>&#8220;Als jij een kinderboek zou schrijven, wat voor verhaal zou dat dan worden en wat zou de jongeren willen meegeven?&#8221;</em></p><p>Opdracht aanvaard, &#8216;t scheelt daarbij ik de mindset van een 12-jarige heb. </p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Mijn potenti&#235;le bestseller gaat heten: <em>Het Geheim van de Stad</em>. En het verhaal gaat ongeveer zo:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FGU-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df945ab-db8a-4e63-aa7e-ff74ca5ca553_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FGU-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df945ab-db8a-4e63-aa7e-ff74ca5ca553_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FGU-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df945ab-db8a-4e63-aa7e-ff74ca5ca553_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FGU-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df945ab-db8a-4e63-aa7e-ff74ca5ca553_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FGU-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df945ab-db8a-4e63-aa7e-ff74ca5ca553_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FGU-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df945ab-db8a-4e63-aa7e-ff74ca5ca553_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6df945ab-db8a-4e63-aa7e-ff74ca5ca553_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:11209977,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/i/200085957?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df945ab-db8a-4e63-aa7e-ff74ca5ca553_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FGU-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df945ab-db8a-4e63-aa7e-ff74ca5ca553_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FGU-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df945ab-db8a-4e63-aa7e-ff74ca5ca553_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FGU-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df945ab-db8a-4e63-aa7e-ff74ca5ca553_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FGU-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6df945ab-db8a-4e63-aa7e-ff74ca5ca553_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#8216;Een groep kinderen wordt gedropt in een grote stad. Hun begeleider? Die gaat er gewoon vandoor. Geen uitleg, geen kaart, geen telefoon. Gewoon weg.</p><p>De kinderen kijken elkaar aan.</p><p>&#8220;Nou ja,&#8221; zegt er &#233;&#233;n, &#8220;dan maken we er zelf maar wat van.&#8221;</p><p>En dat doen ze.</p><p>Uit nieuwsgierigheid gaan ze samen op pad. Eerst gezellig naar de dierentuin om de hoek. Maar daar klopt iets niet. De dierentuin zit vol met hele vreemde vogels. Niet alleen dieren &#8212; maar ook mensen die zich net zo gedragen. Iedereen kijkt, maar niemand ziet echt iets.</p><p>&#8220;Gekke plek,&#8221; zegt iemand. Ze lopen door.</p><p>Daarna komen ze in een wijk vol wolkenkrabbers. Alles glimt. Alles is hoog. Mensen lopen strak in pak en kijken vooral omhoog.</p><p>&#8220;The sky is the limit,&#8221; hoort &#233;&#233;n van de kinderen iemand zeggen.</p><p>&#8220;Maar&#8230; wanneer is het dan genoeg?&#8221; fluistert een ander.</p><p>Niemand geeft antwoord.</p><p>Ze trekken verder en komen in een bijzondere wijk waar niemand met elkaar praat. Echt niemand. Mensen lopen langs elkaar heen, kijken op schermen, zeggen niets.</p><p>&#8220;Waarom praat hier niemand?&#8221; vraagt een van de kinderen.</p><p>Geen reactie.</p><p>Ze halen hun schouders op. &#8220;Zal wel normaal zijn hier.&#8221;</p><p>Dan zien ze ineens een open put.</p><p>Nieuwsgierigheid wint het.</p><p>Ze klimmen erin.</p><p>Onder de grond is het donker. Stil. En een beetje eng. Ze lopen door tunnels, nemen verkeerde afslagen en verdwalen bijna.</p><p>Tot ze ineens iemand tegenkomen.</p><p>Een man in werkkleding, onder het vuil, maar met een grote glimlach.</p><p>&#8220;Zo, jullie zijn niet van hier h&#232;?&#8221; zegt hij.</p><p>Hij werkt voor de gemeente, in het riool. Hij helpt ze naar boven en zegt:</p><p>&#8220;In deze stad, zeker onder de grond, moet je de weg kennen. Anders loopt het niet goed met je af.&#8221;</p><p>De kinderen knikken.</p><p>Ze besluiten hulp te zoeken en gaan naar de politie.</p><p>&#8220;We zijn in de steek gelaten,&#8221; zeggen ze tegen de agent die de deur voor hen opent.</p><p>De agent haalt zijn schouders op.</p><p>&#8220;Dat maken we wel vaker mee,&#8221; zegt hij. &#8220;Maak je niet zo druk. Het komt wel goed met jullie.&#8221;</p><p>De kinderen kijken elkaar weer aan.</p><p>&#8220;Blijkbaar moeten we het zelf doen,&#8221; zegt iemand.</p><p>En ergens begint dat idee eigenlijk best goed te voelen.</p><p>Want als je niet schrikt, vind je ook niet alles eng.&#8217;</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Als de zon schijnt, slaan we door]]></title><description><![CDATA[Waarom warmte, drukte en alcohol van een dagje strand een explosieve mix maken]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/als-de-zon-schijnt-slaan-we-door</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/als-de-zon-schijnt-slaan-we-door</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 30 May 2026 06:02:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cfuF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15f790d6-d71f-4946-ace2-b8d6ecb13820_1024x559.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cfuF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15f790d6-d71f-4946-ace2-b8d6ecb13820_1024x559.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cfuF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15f790d6-d71f-4946-ace2-b8d6ecb13820_1024x559.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cfuF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15f790d6-d71f-4946-ace2-b8d6ecb13820_1024x559.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cfuF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15f790d6-d71f-4946-ace2-b8d6ecb13820_1024x559.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cfuF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15f790d6-d71f-4946-ace2-b8d6ecb13820_1024x559.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cfuF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15f790d6-d71f-4946-ace2-b8d6ecb13820_1024x559.jpeg" width="1024" height="559" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/15f790d6-d71f-4946-ace2-b8d6ecb13820_1024x559.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:559,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:283285,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/i/199835304?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15f790d6-d71f-4946-ace2-b8d6ecb13820_1024x559.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cfuF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15f790d6-d71f-4946-ace2-b8d6ecb13820_1024x559.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cfuF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15f790d6-d71f-4946-ace2-b8d6ecb13820_1024x559.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cfuF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15f790d6-d71f-4946-ace2-b8d6ecb13820_1024x559.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cfuF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15f790d6-d71f-4946-ace2-b8d6ecb13820_1024x559.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Zodra de zon doorbreekt en het mooi weer wordt, trekt heel Nederland massaal naar de kust, het strand. Wat ooit stond voor rust en een beetje uitwaaien, lijkt steeds vaker te eindigen in gedoe. Ruzies, opstootjes, soms gewoon knokken. En dat niet op &#233;&#233;n plek, maar overal. Alsof er iets omslaat zodra de temperatuur oploopt. De vraag is dus niet alleen d&#225;t het gebeurt, maar waarom</em>. Aldus een nieuwsgierige <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jochem Immerzeel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:9251866,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb2249a6-58f7-487d-b58d-d09742920f9f_832x832.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;8ef3ecb0-08f1-464d-a7b8-3c612691e341&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> </p><p>Een dagje strand, met je ouders mee &#8212; ik deed het vroeger ook. Eerlijk gezegd vond ik er weinig romantisch aan. Je zat klem achter zo&#8217;n windscherm, heel rood te worden in de zon, met zand op plekken waar je het niet wil. Maar ja, je moest mee he, familiedag, even deruit.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Misschien is dat al een eerste sleutel: dat idee van ontspanning. Tegenwoordig gaan we niet meer &#8220;even naar het strand&#8221;, we verwachten er iets van. Mooi weer moet een mooie dag opleveren. Maar diezelfde zon trekt ook iedereen tegelijk naar buiten. En dan verandert dat strand vrij snel in een overvolle, opgefokte ruimte waar iedereen een beetje te dicht op elkaar zit.</p><p>Ik ga nog steeds graag, maar dan anders. Liefst een strandrestaurant &#8212; en ja, zo heten die nu &#8212; goede koffie, beetje ruimte. Niet dat in de hitte, bij elkaar op een bedje pf handdoek. Want daar begint het al: ruimte. Of beter gezegd, het gebrek eraan. Sociaal psychologen noemen dat crowding. Niet hoeveel mensen er zijn, maar hoe dicht ze op je zitten. En dat doet iets met je. Je raakt sneller ge&#239;rriteerd, al heb je dat zelf niet eens altijd door.</p><p>Daar bovenop komt de warmte zelf. Er is vrij stevig bewijs dat hogere temperaturen samenhangen met meer agressie.  Je wordt er prikkelbaarder van, en je hebt minder nodig om te reageren. Hittestress dus. Een korter lontje, simpel gezegd.</p><p>En dan alcohol. Want laten we eerlijk zijn: dat speelt gewoon mee. Net als in de binnenstad, waar opstootjes vaak ontstaan rond caf&#233;s, zie je op het strand hetzelfde patroon. Alcohol haalt de rem eraf. Het maakt dat kleine irritaties groter voelen en dat je minder geneigd bent om even te slikken en door te lopen.</p><p>Gooi dat allemaal bij elkaar &#8212; warmte, drukte, drank &#8212; en zet er nog &#233;&#233;n mechanisme naast: in een grote groep voel je je minder zichtbaar, minder verantwoordelijk. Je gaat makkelijker mee in gedrag dat je normaal misschien zou afremmen. </p><p>Wat telt het zwaarst? De alcohol, maar ook die verwachting. Mensen komen voor een leuke dag, ontspanning, zon. Maar krijgen drukte, wachtrijen, herrie, gedoe met fietsen, geen plek, irritatie. Dat verschil zorgt voor frustratie. En frustratie zoekt een uitweg.</p><p>Het is een optelsom. Alles grijpt in elkaar en versterkt elkaar. En precies daardoor kan iets kleins &#8212; een blik, een opmerking, iemand die net iets te veel ruimte inneemt &#8212; ineens genoeg zijn.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Designing Governance: Towards a Design‑Oriented Public Administration]]></title><description><![CDATA[How Experimental, Value&#8209;Sensitive Institutional Design Is Reshaping the Practice of Public Governance]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/designing-governance-towards-a-designoriented</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/designing-governance-towards-a-designoriented</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 11:38:02 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HS_G!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3aae2a7-8c65-405a-b8d8-a48b0936db4e_2816x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HS_G!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3aae2a7-8c65-405a-b8d8-a48b0936db4e_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HS_G!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3aae2a7-8c65-405a-b8d8-a48b0936db4e_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HS_G!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3aae2a7-8c65-405a-b8d8-a48b0936db4e_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HS_G!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3aae2a7-8c65-405a-b8d8-a48b0936db4e_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HS_G!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3aae2a7-8c65-405a-b8d8-a48b0936db4e_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HS_G!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3aae2a7-8c65-405a-b8d8-a48b0936db4e_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a3aae2a7-8c65-405a-b8d8-a48b0936db4e_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:8832448,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/i/199588917?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3aae2a7-8c65-405a-b8d8-a48b0936db4e_2816x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HS_G!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3aae2a7-8c65-405a-b8d8-a48b0936db4e_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HS_G!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3aae2a7-8c65-405a-b8d8-a48b0936db4e_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HS_G!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3aae2a7-8c65-405a-b8d8-a48b0936db4e_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HS_G!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa3aae2a7-8c65-405a-b8d8-a48b0936db4e_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Design-oriented public administration starts from a simple premise: governing is not only something that exists; it is something that is continuously made and remade. Rather than only analysing how institutions, policies, and organisations function, it also asks how they might be arranged differently. That includes the design of alternative institutional forms, decision-making processes, participation formats, and accountability arrangements.</p><p>In a more traditional approach, the central task is explanatory: understanding why policies fail or succeed, how organisations behave, and how governance arrangements compare. A design-oriented approach retains that analytical core, but adds a second question: how could this problem or arrangement be redesigned? That may involve different roles, a different distribution of decision rights, other criteria for success, or another way of involving citizens and professionals.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>In this sense, design is not about aesthetics or presentation. It concerns basic governance choices: who participates, who decides, what counts as relevant information, how learning is organised, and which public values are built into an arrangement from the outset. Design-oriented public administration therefore often works iteratively: proposals are developed, tried out on a limited scale, and then adapted in the light of experience.</p><p>A simple illustration is a city that finds that its public consultation evenings always attract the same articulate residents. A design-oriented response does not begin with an extra communication campaign, but with the question of how the format itself can be redesigned so that other groups can take part in a meaningful way. That might mean changing the time and location, offering childcare, using formats other than a microphone in a hall, or giving feedback in more than one way. The intervention may seem modest, but it reflects a much deeper institutional choice about whose voice counts.</p><blockquote><p><strong>What It Enables</strong></p><p><strong>1. Addressing complex public problems</strong></p></blockquote><p>Many contemporary issues, such as climate adaptation, the energy transition, poverty, or local care provision, are interconnected and long-term. Small optimisations within existing structures are often not enough. Design-oriented public administration makes it legitimate to examine the structures themselves: roles, responsibilities, collaboration patterns, and decision rules. It opens the door to rethinking these elements rather than merely adjusting policy content within a fixed frame.</p><p>For example, a regional authority that wants to change mobility patterns can either add another programme to the existing system, or treat the governance of mobility as a design problem: who decides, how providers and users help shape options, how risks and benefits are shared, and how learning is organised across municipalities and organisations.</p><blockquote><p><strong>2. Making public values and value conflicts explicit</strong></p></blockquote><p>Public administration has always been concerned with public values such as justice, efficiency, legal certainty, sustainability, privacy, and inclusion. In everyday practice, these values are often weighed implicitly. A design-oriented perspective puts them explicitly at the centre of the process. It asks which values should guide an arrangement, which values may come into tension, and how those tensions can be handled in the design of procedures and institutions.</p><p>In a redesign of youth care, for instance, a design-oriented approach would not only look at budgets and throughput times, but also at continuity of relationships, recognisability for families, room for professional judgment, and perceived fairness. The result may be a different mix of roles and processes than a purely financial or legal perspective would produce.</p><blockquote><p><strong>3. Supporting learning-oriented governance</strong></p></blockquote><p>Design-oriented approaches naturally go together with experimentation and learning. Instead of one large decision that is then rolled out everywhere, they often work with pilots, staged implementation, and multiple variants. This creates structured opportunities to learn from practice and to adapt along the way.</p><p>A province that sets up a temporary test area for new mobility services is not simply running a project. If the test is treated as a deliberate experiment with clear learning questions, it becomes an example of design-oriented governance: the arrangement itself is open to revision in the light of experience.</p><blockquote><p><strong>4. Bringing research and practice closer together</strong></p></blockquote><p>Design-oriented public administration offers a way to connect academic research and practical innovation. Living labs, co-creation settings, and experimental governance environments can be places where researchers and practitioners jointly design, implement, and study new arrangements. Knowledge is then generated not only through observation and ex post evaluation, but also through interventions and iterations during the process.</p><p>For example, a governance lab on the energy transition might bring together researchers, municipal officials, energy cooperatives, and companies to co-design a new decision-making process for local energy projects. Analytical knowledge is still used, but it is enriched by what happens in the concrete design and testing of that process.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Limits and Constraints</strong></p><p><strong>1. Design is not a substitute for politics and law</strong></p></blockquote><p>Design-oriented public administration does not replace political judgment, legal safeguards, or administrative responsibility. Even the best-designed process must operate within legal frameworks, budget limits, power relations, and political accountability. Design cannot make conflicts of interest or ideological differences disappear; it can only help to deal with them more consciously.</p><blockquote><p><strong>2. Risk of projectification</strong></p></blockquote><p>Many design initiatives in the public sector appear as projects, pilots, or one-off exercises. They may be creative and promising, but they do not always change deeper structures. Without deliberate embedding in regular decision-making, rules, and responsibilities, design remains at the level of stand-alone initiatives that end when funding runs out or priorities shift.</p><blockquote><p><strong>3. Role clarity and expectations</strong></p></blockquote><p>When designers, policymakers, researchers, professionals, and citizens work together, it is not always clear who is responsible for what. Design processes can also raise expectations that cannot be fulfilled, for example about the extent to which outcomes will actually be adopted in policy. Without clear mandates and clear agreements about how design results will be used, disappointment and distrust can follow.</p><blockquote><p><strong>4. Inclusion and representation</strong></p></blockquote><p>Design processes do not automatically reach all groups in society. In practice, they often attract people who already have time, confidence, language skills, and access to institutions. Without targeted efforts to lower barriers and broaden participation, design-oriented governance risks reproducing existing exclusions. This makes inclusiveness an important design question in its own right: who is at the table, who is not, and what is being done to change that?</p><p>A small example makes this tangible. Suppose a city redesigns a digital permitting service through workshops with local entrepreneurs and residents. If those workshops mainly involve digitally skilled and highly available participants, the needs of other groups may remain largely invisible. The process may still be called participatory, but its design quietly narrows whose experience is recognised.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Emerging Practice or Mainstream?</strong></p></blockquote><p>The position of design-oriented public administration is neither purely marginal nor fully mainstream. In many public organisations, design thinking, service design, innovation labs, and living labs have become part of the normal repertoire. In that practical sense, design is no longer just an emerging current; it has clearly entered the mainstream toolkit of government.</p><p>At the same time, most academic work in public administration still follows more traditional descriptive, explanatory, and evaluative approaches. Design-oriented research and practice form a growing strand, but not yet the dominant self-image of the discipline. Design is widely recognised as a useful method, but the idea of public administration as partly a design discipline, rather than only an analytical one, remains open to debate.</p><p>At the same time, many of the more innovative forms of governing still emerge first in grassroots initiatives, citizen collectives, local democratic experiments, and hybrid collaborations before they are translated into formal governmental routines. These practices often involve substantial redesigns of roles, rules, and responsibilities, even if they do not use the language of design. In that sense, emerging bottom-up and experimental practices remain an important source of institutional imagination, even though parts of the design vocabulary have already become mainstream.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Brief Illustrative Examples</strong></p></blockquote><p>To make the concept more concrete, a few brief examples may help:</p><blockquote><p>&#183; A municipality introduces several ways of responding to a spatial plan, online, in small-group sessions, and through a short questionnaire, instead of relying only on one large town-hall meeting. The practical change is modest, but it treats public participation as a design question.</p><p>&#183; A social care organisation adds a narrative accountability session with clients and staff alongside its regular annual report, in order to discuss which outcomes mattered and why. This does not replace formal accountability, but it broadens what counts as relevant information.</p><p>&#183; A debt assistance programme redesigns its intake procedure: fewer forms, a clearer first conversation, and a follow-up call after two weeks to check whether people managed to take the agreed steps. The changes are administrative, but they express a different balance between efficiency, accessibility, and dignity.</p><p>&#183; A region sets up a temporary mobility test zone where different combinations of shared transport, public transport, and cycling infrastructure are tried out, with users giving feedback on what works in daily life. The governance arrangement, who decides what and how learning is organised, is part of the experiment itself.</p></blockquote><p>None of these examples is spectacular on its own. Their significance lies in the fact that they treat governance arrangements themselves as objects that can be consciously designed, tested, and adjusted.</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3h2l!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc73c4d66-d497-41cc-a8d2-7b8b789cd9b2_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3h2l!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc73c4d66-d497-41cc-a8d2-7b8b789cd9b2_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3h2l!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc73c4d66-d497-41cc-a8d2-7b8b789cd9b2_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3h2l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc73c4d66-d497-41cc-a8d2-7b8b789cd9b2_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3h2l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc73c4d66-d497-41cc-a8d2-7b8b789cd9b2_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3h2l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc73c4d66-d497-41cc-a8d2-7b8b789cd9b2_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3h2l!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc73c4d66-d497-41cc-a8d2-7b8b789cd9b2_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3h2l!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc73c4d66-d497-41cc-a8d2-7b8b789cd9b2_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3h2l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc73c4d66-d497-41cc-a8d2-7b8b789cd9b2_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3h2l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc73c4d66-d497-41cc-a8d2-7b8b789cd9b2_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Presented by Ministerie van Onderstroom</em><br><br></p><blockquote><p><strong> Literature</strong></p><p>1. <strong>Clarke, A., &amp; Craft, J. (2019). </strong><em><strong>The twin faces of public sector design. Governance, 32(1), 5&#8211;21.</strong></em><br>Examines different traditions of design in the public sector and offers a critical discussion of how design thinking relates to the political and organisational realities of policy work.<br>Link: <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gove.12342">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gove.12342</a></p><p>2. <strong>Hermus, M., van Buuren, A., &amp; Bekkers, V. (2020). </strong><em><strong>Applying design in public administration: A literature review to explore the state of the art. Policy &amp; Politics, 48(1), 21&#8211;48.</strong></em><br>Provides a systematic review of empirical studies on design in public administration and develops a typology of design approaches used in the field.<br>Link: <a href="https://repub.eur.nl/pub/126140/">https://repub.eur.nl/pub/126140/</a></p><p>3. <strong>Hermus, M., van Buuren, A., &amp; Bekkers, V. (2019). </strong><em><strong>Design in public administration: a typology of approaches. Policy &amp; Politics blog.</strong></em><br>Gives a concise and accessible summary of the typology developed in the article above, useful as an entry point for readers new to the topic.<br>Link: <a href="https://policyandpoliticsblog.com/2019/12/04/design-in-public-administration-a-typology-of-approaches/">https://policyandpoliticsblog.com/2019/12/04/design-in-public-administration-a-typology-of-approaches/</a></p><p>4. <strong>Fuglsang, L., Hansen, A. V., Mergel, I., &amp; R&#248;hneb&#230;k, M. T. (2021). </strong><em><strong>Living Labs for Public Sector Innovation: An Integrative Literature Review.</strong></em><br>Reviews the literature on living labs in the public sector and discusses their main purposes, designs, and contributions to public innovation.<br>Link: <a href="https://thelivinglib.org/living-labs-for-public-sector-innovation-an-integrative-literature-review/">https://thelivinglib.org/living-labs-for-public-sector-innovation-an-integrative-literature-review/</a></p><p>5. <strong>The Living Lab as a Methodology for Public Administration Research: a Systematic Literature Review.</strong><br>Discusses living labs specifically as a research methodology within public administration, including their methodological strengths and limitations.<br>Link: <a href="https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/407752/The_Living_Lab_as_a_Methodology_for_Public_Administration_Research_a_Systematic_Literature_Review.pdf">https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/407752/The_Living_Lab_as_a_Methodology_for_Public_Administration_Research_a_Systematic_Literature_Review.pdf</a></p><p>6. <strong>Studying complex systems through design interventions in government.</strong><br>Presents an empirical study of design interventions in governmental settings and shows how living labs can be used to study and influence complex systems.<br>Link: <a href="https://dspace.library.uu.nl/server/api/core/bitstreams/355b31c3-fdc8-490c-ba18-0990347eebfb/content">https://dspace.library.uu.nl/server/api/core/bitstreams/355b31c3-fdc8-490c-ba18-0990347eebfb/content</a></p><p>7. <strong>How to use &#8216;design thinking&#8217; to create better policy. ANZSOG explainer.</strong><br>Offers a practical introduction to the use of design thinking in policy work, with emphasis on user-centred methods and iterative learning.<br>Link: <a href="https://anzsog.edu.au/news-media/public-admin-explainer-how-to-use-design-thinking-to-create-better-policy">https://anzsog.edu.au/news-media/public-admin-explainer-how-to-use-design-thinking-to-create-better-policy</a></p><p>8. <strong>UNDP. </strong><em><strong>Design Thinking for Public Service Excellence.</strong></em><br>Introduces design thinking in the context of public services and highlights how user-centred approaches can improve service design and delivery.<br>Link: <a href="https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/GCPSE%20Design%20Thinking%20Summary.pdf">https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/GCPSE Design Thinking Summary.pdf</a></p><p>9. <strong>EIPA. </strong><em><strong>The Role of Innovation Labs in the Public Sector: Concepts, Cases and Lessons.</strong></em><br>Surveys innovation labs in the public sector and explains how they are organised, what they try to achieve, and what lessons can be learned from them.<br>Link: <a href="https://www.eipa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/EPSA-Briefing_Innovation-Labs.pdf">https://www.eipa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/EPSA-Briefing_Innovation-Labs.pdf</a></p><p>10. <strong>Co-Creation at Scale: How Service Design, Living Labs and Innovation Networks Help Public Servants Deliver Better Services. Lisbon Council.</strong><br>Analyses international cases of service design, living labs, and innovation networks, with a focus on scaling co-creation in public services.<br>Link: <a href="https://lisboncouncil.net/publications/co-creation-at-scale-how-service-design-living-labs-and-innovation-networks-help-public-servants-deliver-better-services-and-policies/">https://lisboncouncil.net/publications/co-creation-at-scale-how-service-design-living-labs-and-innovation-networks-help-public-servants-deliver-better-services-and-policies/</a></p><p>11. <strong>Design Thinking in Public Administration: a Systematic Review.</strong><br>Summarises the literature on design thinking in public administration, including reported benefits, practical limitations, and unresolved questions.<br>Link: <a href="https://ojs.revistagesec.org.br/secretariado/article/download/5211/3465">https://ojs.revistagesec.org.br/secretariado/article/download/5211/3465</a></p><p>12. <strong>Design thinking and policymaking.</strong><br>Explores how design thinking is applied in policy processes and how it relates to more traditional forms of policy analysis and policy design.<br>Link: <a href="https://www.ippapublicpolicy.org/file/paper/5cf4770f0bef8.pdf">https://www.ippapublicpolicy.org/file/paper/5cf4770f0bef8.pdf</a><br></p></blockquote><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Waarom zitten zoveel mensen in therapie?]]></title><description><![CDATA[De inzichten van Lena Bril]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/waarom-zitten-zoveel-mensen-in-therapie</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/waarom-zitten-zoveel-mensen-in-therapie</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 09:18:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9VR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb154fb74-17b8-4366-96cb-70e0d8f5baeb_2814x1536.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9VR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb154fb74-17b8-4366-96cb-70e0d8f5baeb_2814x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9VR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb154fb74-17b8-4366-96cb-70e0d8f5baeb_2814x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9VR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb154fb74-17b8-4366-96cb-70e0d8f5baeb_2814x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9VR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb154fb74-17b8-4366-96cb-70e0d8f5baeb_2814x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9VR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb154fb74-17b8-4366-96cb-70e0d8f5baeb_2814x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9VR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb154fb74-17b8-4366-96cb-70e0d8f5baeb_2814x1536.png" width="1456" height="795" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b154fb74-17b8-4366-96cb-70e0d8f5baeb_2814x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:795,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:6533289,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/i/199575655?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb154fb74-17b8-4366-96cb-70e0d8f5baeb_2814x1536.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9VR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb154fb74-17b8-4366-96cb-70e0d8f5baeb_2814x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9VR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb154fb74-17b8-4366-96cb-70e0d8f5baeb_2814x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9VR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb154fb74-17b8-4366-96cb-70e0d8f5baeb_2814x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9VR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb154fb74-17b8-4366-96cb-70e0d8f5baeb_2814x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#8220;Waarom zijn er eigenlijk zoveel mensen in therapie?&#8221; Die vraag stelt Jochem Immerzeel &#8211; kort samengevat - wanneer hij het werk van Lena Bril leest. Hij weet daarbij ik nogal fan ben van haar werk. Echt een topjournalist is dat! <br><br>Het is een ingewikkelde en spannende vraag: hoe kan het dat zoveel mensen hulp nodig hebben?</p><p>Eerst een persoonlijke noot. Mentale problemen vind ik moeilijk om over te schrijven. Niet omdat het vaag moet blijven, maar omdat het in de praktijk vaak rommelig is. Klachten lopen door elkaar, veranderen, en zijn niet altijd goed uit te leggen &#8212; ook niet voor degene die ze heeft. Maar ook omdat ik &#8216;last van mededogen&#8217; heb. Mentale problemen zijn vaak echt problematisch, ik kan ze niet anders dan uiterst serieus nemen. Dat is niet altijd en overal het geval, we leven in een &#8216;harde&#8217; maatschappij.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p><strong>Start van problemen</strong><br><br>Het begint vaak niet met &#233;&#233;n duidelijk moment. Eerder met dingen die zich opstapelen. Slechter slapen. Minder energie. Korter lontje. Werk dat blijft liggen of juist nooit stopt. Relaties die onder druk komen te staan. En ondertussen ga je door, omdat dat nu eenmaal van je verwacht wordt, of zo voelt het in ieder geval.</p><p>In Nederland gaat het om grote aantallen. Volgens het RIVM krijgt een aanzienlijk deel van de volwassenen jaarlijks te maken met psychische klachten zoals angst, somberheid of stress. Vooral jongvolwassenen lijken de laatste jaren vaker vast te lopen dan voorheen. Het is dus niet iets zeldzaams.</p><p><strong>Praktijkervaringen</strong><br><br>Lena Bril laat in In therapie zien hoe dat er in de praktijk uitziet. Ze loopt mee met een burn-outcoach en ziet mensen die zijn uitgevallen op werk en weer moeten beginnen met iets basaals als structuur in hun dag. Opstaan, eten, een blokje om. Dingen die eerder vanzelf gingen, moeten opnieuw worden aangeleerd en volgehouden.</p><p>Ze staat langs de bak bij paardentherapie. Daar gebeurt weinig spectaculairs: iemand loopt met een paard, stopt, probeert richting te geven en merkt dat het dier niet vanzelf meegaat. Juist daarin wordt iets zichtbaar: hoe lastig het kan zijn om grenzen aan te geven of regie te nemen als je dat bent kwijtgeraakt.</p><p>Bij familieopstellingen ziet ze hoe mensen met onbekenden sc&#232;nes uit hun leven naspelen. Het blijft soms ongemakkelijk en moeilijk te duiden, maar het laat wel zien hoeveel van wat mensen ervaren niet alleen in henzelf zit, maar ook in relaties en patronen die zich blijven herhalen.</p><p>Later zit ze in een ADHD-vrouwenkring. Daar gaat het over volle hoofden, vergeten afspraken, stapels administratie, schaamte over dingen die &#8220;simpel&#8221; lijken maar steeds misgaan. Het zijn geen uitzonderlijke verhalen, maar juist herkenbare levens waarin het overzicht langzaam verdwijnt.</p><p><strong>Normaal en uitzonderlijk</strong><br><br>Wat in al die situaties opvalt, is hoe normaal het eigenlijk is. Dit zijn geen uitzonderlijke levens. Het zijn mensen met werk, relaties, studies &#8212; die ergens zijn vastgelopen, vaak zonder precies te weten waar het kantelpunt lag.</p><p>Bril beschrijft ook haar eigen traject: wachten op hulp, opnieuw je verhaal doen, weer een intake. Dat maakt haar geen buitenstaander. Ze zit er zelf ook tussen, met dezelfde onzekerheid over wat wel en niet helpt.</p><p>Ondertussen gaat de rest gewoon door. Werk, mail, verplichtingen, zorg. Therapie is dan een aparte plek waar je even stilstaat, terwijl daarbuiten alles in beweging blijft.</p><p>We hebben woorden voor veel van deze klachten: burn-out, depressie, ADHD, autisme. Die woorden helpen. Ze zorgen ervoor dat klachten serieus worden genomen en dat mensen ergens terecht kunnen. Ze geven houvast en maken het makkelijker om hulp te organiseren.</p><p>In de praktijk is het vaak minder overzichtelijk. In veel van de situaties die Bril beschrijft, speelt er niet &#233;&#233;n losstaand probleem. Het gaat om combinaties van werkdruk, verwachtingen, financi&#235;le zorgen, sociale verplichtingen en een gebrek aan rust. Dingen die op zichzelf niet uitzonderlijk zijn, maar samen wel zwaar kunnen worden.</p><p><strong>Goed in begeleiden, minder goed in voorkomen</strong><br><br>Therapie richt zich logischerwijs op wat iemand zelf kan veranderen of begrijpen. Daar zit ook ruimte. Mensen leren grenzen herkennen, patronen zien, anders omgaan met spanning. Maar na dat uur ga je weer terug naar dezelfde omgeving, waarin lang niet alles mee verandert.</p><p>Misschien ligt daar een deel van de spanning. Dat we inmiddels goed zijn geworden in het begeleiden van mensen die vastlopen, maar minder in het voorkomen dat ze vastlopen.</p><p>De vraag van Jochem blijft daarmee staan, maar krijgt wel een andere lading. Niet alleen: waarom zijn er zoveel mensen in therapie? Maar ook: wat zou er moeten veranderen zodat minder mensen daar pas terechtkomen als het al te ver is gegaan?</p><p>Dat hoeft geen groot of abstract antwoord te zijn. Het kan ook zitten in kleinere verschuivingen: eerder ruimte om te stoppen, werk dat minder vanzelfsprekend over grenzen heen gaat, plekken waar het normaal is om te zeggen dat het niet lukt zonder dat daar meteen een traject aan vastzit.<br><br><em>Aangeboden door Ministerie van Onderstroom</em><br></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b7Sl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F029e82d6-0a5b-4263-951d-c61ea71dd6ff_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b7Sl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F029e82d6-0a5b-4263-951d-c61ea71dd6ff_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b7Sl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F029e82d6-0a5b-4263-951d-c61ea71dd6ff_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b7Sl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F029e82d6-0a5b-4263-951d-c61ea71dd6ff_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b7Sl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F029e82d6-0a5b-4263-951d-c61ea71dd6ff_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b7Sl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F029e82d6-0a5b-4263-951d-c61ea71dd6ff_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b7Sl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F029e82d6-0a5b-4263-951d-c61ea71dd6ff_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b7Sl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F029e82d6-0a5b-4263-951d-c61ea71dd6ff_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b7Sl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F029e82d6-0a5b-4263-951d-c61ea71dd6ff_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!b7Sl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F029e82d6-0a5b-4263-951d-c61ea71dd6ff_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><br></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Over "Disclosure Day"]]></title><description><![CDATA[Wat de nieuwe Spielberg&#8209;film zegt over deze tijd]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/over-disclosure-day</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/over-disclosure-day</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 08:14:12 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JAC4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69c8477d-d8b0-4c13-9aba-09a6e071e997_1024x572.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JAC4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69c8477d-d8b0-4c13-9aba-09a6e071e997_1024x572.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JAC4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69c8477d-d8b0-4c13-9aba-09a6e071e997_1024x572.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JAC4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69c8477d-d8b0-4c13-9aba-09a6e071e997_1024x572.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JAC4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69c8477d-d8b0-4c13-9aba-09a6e071e997_1024x572.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JAC4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69c8477d-d8b0-4c13-9aba-09a6e071e997_1024x572.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JAC4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69c8477d-d8b0-4c13-9aba-09a6e071e997_1024x572.jpeg" width="1024" height="572" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/69c8477d-d8b0-4c13-9aba-09a6e071e997_1024x572.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:572,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:142999,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/i/199296565?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69c8477d-d8b0-4c13-9aba-09a6e071e997_1024x572.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JAC4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69c8477d-d8b0-4c13-9aba-09a6e071e997_1024x572.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JAC4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69c8477d-d8b0-4c13-9aba-09a6e071e997_1024x572.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JAC4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69c8477d-d8b0-4c13-9aba-09a6e071e997_1024x572.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JAC4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69c8477d-d8b0-4c13-9aba-09a6e071e997_1024x572.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#8220;Ik zag de trailer van Disclosure Day, de nieuwe UFO&#8209;film van Steven Spielberg die volgende maand uitkomt. Het verhaal is intrigerend: de mensheid krijgt onweerlegbaar bewijs dat we niet alleen zijn, en daarna ontstaat een harde strijd tussen mensen die de waarheid meteen willen delen en een systeem dat de controle probeert vast te houden&#8221;, zegt <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jochem Immerzeel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:9251866,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bb2249a6-58f7-487d-b58d-d09742920f9f_832x832.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;19d4cc53-d537-4548-8029-e9408f6d73a3&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span>. Daarna stelt hij de vraag: &#8220;Wat denk jij, zijn wij de enigen? En als het niet zo is&#8212;wat dan?&#8221;</p><p>Die &#8220;zijn we alleen in het universum?&#8221; vraag raakt mij eerlijk gezegd niet zo. Ik heb geen behoefte om daar diep in te duiken. Wat me w&#233;l bezighoudt, is dat dit soort verhalen wereldwijd aanslaan. Niet de aliens zelf, maar wat het zegt over hoe we nu naar macht, informatie en besluitvorming kijken.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Steeds meer mensen hebben het gevoel dat er dingen spelen die ze niet te horen krijgen. Niet per se omdat er een groot complot is, maar omdat bepaalde informatie bewust uit beeld wordt gehouden. Verhalen als Disclosure Day werken omdat ze dat gevoel precies raken: er is iets groots en waars, maar &#8220;we zijn er nog niet klaar voor&#8221; of &#8220;het zou te veel onrust geven&#8221; als het nu naar buiten komt.</p><p>Dat idee &#8211; dat waarheid wordt afgeremd door een systeem &#8211; herkennen veel mensen. Niet omdat ze in UFO&#8217;s geloven, maar omdat het lijkt op wat ze zien bij beleid, crises en grote dossiers. Het is geen toeval dat dit soort films juist nu populair zijn. Ze sluiten aan bij een wantrouwen dat er al was.</p><p>Die spanning tussen waarheid en systeem vind ik dus interessant. De film is makkelijk te zien als metafoor of nog mooier: allegorie, voor iets dat veel dichter bij huis speelt. De vraag wat je wel en niet laat zien, is namelijk elke dag aan de orde. Niet in spectaculaire onthullingen, maar bijvoorbeeld in:</p><ul><li><p>wanneer een ambtenaar een probleem of risico deelt</p></li><li><p>hoe een gemeente communiceert over een pijnlijke maatregel</p></li><li><p>waarom bepaalde stukken pas jaren later openbaar worden</p></li></ul><p>Dat zijn gewone situaties, geen Hollywood. En juist daarom zijn ze belangrijk. Hoe ga je daar zorgvuldig mee om?</p><p>De &#8220;smeerolie&#8221; van de besluitvorming</p><p>Een bestuurskundige zei ooit tegen mij, toen het ging over achterkamertjes en informele overleggen: &#8220;Laat ze dat nou maar doen &#8211; dat is de smeerolie van het systeem, anders loopt het vast.&#8221;</p><p>Daar zijn voorbeelden genoeg van. Coalitieonderhandelingen vinden achter gesloten deuren plaats. Niet omdat er per se iets wordt verborgen, maar omdat alles meteen openbaar maken het proces kan blokkeren. Zodra standpunten op straat liggen, ontstaat druk om niet meer te schuiven. Formateurs hebben die luwte nodig om beweging te krijgen.</p><p>Hetzelfde zie je in het poldermodel. Werkgevers, vakbonden en overheid praten eerst informeel over cao&#8217;s of pensioenen. Pas als er een richting ligt, wordt het officieel. Als elke tussenstap live zou zijn, wordt elk idee meteen een breekpunt. Dan verhardt alles en wordt een compromis bijna onmogelijk.</p><p>Ook op Europees niveau gaat het zo. De echte doorbraken komen vaak in kleine, late&#8209;nachtgesprekken tussen regeringsleiders, niet in de grote zaal. Dat is geen rare truc, maar manier van werken: eerst in kleine kring, dan pas naar buiten.</p><p>Die beslotenheid helpt om besluiten te nemen. Maar er zit een keerzijde aan. Burgers zien de uitkomst, maar niet hoe het tot stand is gekomen. Ze weten niet wie eraan tafel zat, welke opties zijn afgevallen en welke belangen hebben meegespeeld. Dat kan wantrouwen voeden. Soms onterecht, maar vaak goed te begrijpen.</p><p>Vier manieren van kijken die botsen</p><p>Je kunt die spanning zien als een botsing tussen vier logica&#8217;s.</p><p>De eerste is de logica van openheid: hoe meer je deelt, hoe minder verdacht het voelt. In de toeslagenaffaire zagen we wat er gebeurt als fouten jarenlang worden ontkend of weggedrukt. De klap werd groter doordat het zo lang onder de radar is gehouden.</p><p>Daar tegenover staat de logica van het proces: om ergens uit te komen, heb je een fase nodig waarin je kunt zoeken zonder dat alles meteen op straat ligt. Als elke tussenstap publiek is, durft bijna niemand nog van positie te veranderen. Dan verstijft het gesprek.</p><p>Dan is er de logica van macht: wie informatie heeft, stuurt het verhaal. Organisaties en overheden bepalen vaak wat wanneer naar buiten komt. Soms om chaos te voorkomen, soms om zichzelf te beschermen. Dat hoeft niet kwaadaardig te zijn, maar het speelt wel mee.</p><p>En ten slotte de logica van legitimiteit: beslissingen moeten uiteindelijk uitlegbaar zijn. Mensen hoeven het niet altijd eens te zijn, maar ze moeten kunnen begrijpen waarom iets zo is gegaan. Als die uitleg ontbreekt, brokkelt het vertrouwen af. Kijk naar de informatie rond de gaswinning in Groningen: doordat zo veel zo lang is tegengehouden, is het vertrouwen ook na alle latere rapporten moeilijk te herstellen.<br></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-cFh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21c5db9e-8e6f-4976-9f59-d455b95a93e3_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-cFh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21c5db9e-8e6f-4976-9f59-d455b95a93e3_2816x1536.png 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-cFh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21c5db9e-8e6f-4976-9f59-d455b95a93e3_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-cFh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21c5db9e-8e6f-4976-9f59-d455b95a93e3_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-cFh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21c5db9e-8e6f-4976-9f59-d455b95a93e3_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-cFh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21c5db9e-8e6f-4976-9f59-d455b95a93e3_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div 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Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Governance Is Never Neutral]]></title><description><![CDATA[Why public servants and managers need to name values and surface choices]]></description><link>https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/governance-is-never-neutral</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/p/governance-is-never-neutral</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Eelco Koolhaas]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 25 May 2026 11:10:41 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Npm-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd31981bc-feea-4337-949d-5621ebd3cfbc_1024x559.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Npm-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd31981bc-feea-4337-949d-5621ebd3cfbc_1024x559.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Npm-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd31981bc-feea-4337-949d-5621ebd3cfbc_1024x559.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Npm-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd31981bc-feea-4337-949d-5621ebd3cfbc_1024x559.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Npm-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd31981bc-feea-4337-949d-5621ebd3cfbc_1024x559.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Npm-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd31981bc-feea-4337-949d-5621ebd3cfbc_1024x559.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Npm-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd31981bc-feea-4337-949d-5621ebd3cfbc_1024x559.jpeg" width="1024" height="559" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d31981bc-feea-4337-949d-5621ebd3cfbc_1024x559.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:559,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:97598,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/i/199173224?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd31981bc-feea-4337-949d-5621ebd3cfbc_1024x559.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Npm-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd31981bc-feea-4337-949d-5621ebd3cfbc_1024x559.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Npm-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd31981bc-feea-4337-949d-5621ebd3cfbc_1024x559.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Npm-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd31981bc-feea-4337-949d-5621ebd3cfbc_1024x559.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Npm-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd31981bc-feea-4337-949d-5621ebd3cfbc_1024x559.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Governance Is Never Neutral</strong></p><p><em>Why public servants and managers need to name values and surface choices</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Public administration&#8212;both as a discipline and a practice&#8212;still tends to view governance primarily through the lens of organizing, planning, measuring, and accounting. Efficiency, effectiveness, and control are the default benchmarks. Time takes the form of schedules, budget cycles, and electoral terms: neatly segmented and rendered manageable. Values exist, but usually implicitly&#8212;or translated into indicators, standards, and checklists.</p><p>This shows up in everyday practice. A project is deemed successful if it comes in on time and on budget, even when residents feel sidelined or the outcome falls flat locally. In social services, performance is measured in caseloads and turnaround times, while the question of whether people actually feel helped or fairly treated remains less visible.</p><p>In this framing, government appears fundamentally neutral and rational. Disagreements or competing interests are treated as problems that can be resolved through proper procedures, consultation processes, or better communication. The focus is on process: get that right, and the outcome will follow. What drops out of sight is that beneath those processes lie choices&#8212;about what matters and who comes first.</p><p><strong>2. Where It Falls Short</strong></p><p>That&#8217;s precisely where the limits become visible.</p><p>First, values and value conflicts slip out of view. They disappear behind terms like &#8220;trade-offs,&#8221; &#8220;implementation,&#8221; or &#8220;allocation frameworks.&#8221; Take scarce housing: distribution is often framed in terms of priority categories and points systems. That sounds neutral, but it masks sharp choices underneath&#8212;who gets priority, and why? Young professionals, families, refugees, local residents? These questions are inherently normative, yet rarely named as such.</p><p>Second, this approach doesn&#8217;t match how people experience government. Where citizens and frontline workers look for recognition and fairness, they often encounter rules and procedures instead. Someone stuck in a benefits system may receive a technically correct decision that still feels unjust or dehumanizing. The friction isn&#8217;t at the level of the rule itself&#8212;it&#8217;s at the level of what feels right.</p><p>Third, this framework assumes a stable context, as if the standards for good governance are more or less fixed. In reality, they shift constantly. What once counted as thorough and professional may now feel distant or unresponsive. Treating everyone identically can come under scrutiny when it becomes clear that groups are systematically ending up unequal.</p><p>The result is a widening gap between how governance sees itself and how it&#8217;s experienced by others.</p><p><strong>3. Shifting Ground</strong></p><p>That gap reflects broader shifts in society. Public values are in motion. Climate, inequality, inclusion, digitalization&#8212;these change what people expect and what they consider just.</p><p>You see it in policy debates. Discussions about the energy transition aren&#8217;t just about technical feasibility or cost&#8212;they&#8217;re about who bears the burden. Should tenants pay for insulation they don&#8217;t directly benefit from? How do we protect low-income households from rising energy costs? Questions like these reveal that efficiency alone no longer suffices as a yardstick.</p><p>The same goes for data and algorithms. A system can be efficient and consistent yet still come under fire if it can&#8217;t be explained or systematically disadvantages certain groups. Transparency and fairness now weigh more heavily.</p><p>This reshapes what good governance means. Neutrality and distance are no longer automatically virtues. Instead, there&#8217;s growing demand for visible choices, acknowledgment of difference, and the willingness to own mistakes and learn from them. A municipality that explains why one neighborhood gets investment priority&#8212;say, because it&#8217;s fallen behind&#8212;is judged differently than one that simply invokes general allocation rules.</p><p>In this context, keeping values implicit becomes harder. Choices are increasingly questioned on moral grounds: who benefits, who pays, and why is that justified?</p><p><strong>4. Making It Explicit</strong></p><p>What stands out is how often process language obscures underlying values. Decisions get framed as technical or organizational necessities when they&#8217;re also moral choices. A budget cut becomes an &#8220;efficiency measure,&#8221; masking the fact that certain services disappear and some groups lose support.</p><p>Surfacing this mechanism makes clear that governance is never value-free. Every choice involves prioritization, even when unstated.</p><p>At the same time, a different approach is emerging in practice&#8212;tentative and inconsistent, but real. Here, values aren&#8217;t hidden but named and discussed. A policy proposal might explicitly flag the values at play: speed versus care, uniformity versus customization, short-term versus long-term. This can be as simple as adding a paragraph explaining who&#8217;s affected by a measure and why certain trade-offs were made.</p><p>You also see it in implementation. Neighborhood teams that consciously depart from standard procedures to better help someone&#8212;and then discuss it internally, not as a mistake but as a moral judgment. Or participatory processes where input isn&#8217;t just gathered but actively fed back, showing how competing interests and values were weighed.</p><p>Meanwhile, the hierarchy of values is shifting. Efficiency still matters, but no longer sits unchallenged at the top. Justice, inclusion, sustainability claim more weight. A municipality might choose a more expensive energy transition pathway because it&#8217;s fairer to vulnerable households.</p><p>Governance appears less like a technical system and more like an ongoing practice of weighing, choosing, and adjusting.</p><p><strong>5. What Opens Up</strong></p><p>This shift creates new possibilities.</p><p>First, it makes room for more honest conversation about what&#8217;s at stake. Instead of debating feasibility or procedure, we can name what really matters. Housing, for instance: is the priority speed, affordability, or livability? Articulating this makes differences clearer and more discussable.</p><p>Second, it can rebuild trust&#8212;though that&#8217;s far from automatic. When people see which considerations were made and which values mattered, they better understand decisions. An unpopular measure stays unpopular, but lands differently when it&#8217;s clear why it was taken and who was considered.</p><p>Third, it yields better-fitting decisions. Accounting for differences between groups and situations produces policy that&#8217;s less generic, more context-sensitive. A uniform rule may look clean on paper but play out unevenly in practice. Building in those effects makes choices more robust.</p><p>Fourth, it enables more productive conflict. Where clashes are now often seen as disruptions, they can instead be read as signals. Protest against a project suggests certain values&#8212;voice, livability&#8212;weren&#8217;t adequately considered. Taking that seriously opens the door to adjusting policy and practice.</p><p>Finally, it points toward a different administrative culture. One where pausing over the values behind decisions becomes normal&#8212;not just after things go wrong, but beforehand. That can start small: discussing concrete cases or dilemmas within teams. Over time, it might foster a way of working that moves with a changing society instead of trailing behind.</p><p><strong>6. What It Means in Practice</strong></p><p>When governance is understood less as technical process and more as morally laden practice, it reshapes how policy gets made, carried out, and learned. The changes aren&#8217;t dramatic in form&#8212;they lie in small shifts in how people look, work, and talk.</p><p>First, policy development can&#8217;t rely solely on tools and templates. Analyses, models, projections&#8212;all still necessary, but no longer sufficient. Developing policy means making explicit which values are in play. That might mean adding standard prompts to policy memos: Who benefits from this proposal? Who bears the costs? What alternatives were weighed and rejected? These aren&#8217;t abstract questions&#8212;they surface where tension lies.</p><p>In practice, this also changes internal conversation. Where meetings now often revolve around feasibility, risk, and political sensitivity, there&#8217;s more room to name doubts and dilemmas. Is this decision explainable to those affected? Are we trading care for speed here? Questions like these sometimes slow things down, but ultimately make decisions sturdier.</p><p>For implementation, it means frontline workers need more room to depart from standard rules&#8212;and that room needs legitimation. An organization has to allow this. An employee applying customization in a particular case should be able to explain it without immediately being penalized for protocol deviation. A debt counselor, for instance, extending a deadline because the standard one would backfire in that case. This requires not just space, but a culture where such judgments can be discussed.</p><p><strong>Education and Formation</strong></p><p>Perhaps the biggest shift lies in how policymakers and administrators are trained.</p><p>Programs for policy advisors now tend to emphasize analysis, tool selection, and process design. Students learn to define problems, develop options, organize decision-making. What gets less attention is how to navigate value conflicts and moral trade-offs in daily work.</p><p>A more values-centered approach would make this more explicit. Working with real cases where there&#8217;s no &#8220;right&#8221; answer, but where different values collide. Students practice articulating that tension: what&#8217;s really at stake here, and why choose one solution over another?</p><p>Language matters too. How do you frame a policy proposal so consequences are visible, without hiding behind abstractions? The gap between &#8220;optimizing throughput&#8221; and &#8220;shortening client stays&#8221; seems small, but it shapes how a measure is understood and judged.</p><p>It also demands something of professional stance. Policymakers aren&#8217;t just executors of political mandates&#8212;they also shape how choices get presented and justified. That means being aware of their role in making values visible or keeping them hidden.</p><p><strong>Working in Organizations</strong></p><p>Within organizations, this shifts the emphasis in steering and collaboration.</p><p>Steering moves from purely tracking results and indicators toward also assessing the quality of deliberation. Not just whether goals were met, but how decisions were reached. Were relevant groups heard? Were alternatives seriously considered? Was there reflection on unintended effects?</p><p>Collaboration takes on new meaning. Value conflicts cut across domains&#8212;housing, care, safety, economy. They can&#8217;t be solved within one department. A housing decision touches not just spatial planning but also neighborhood composition, affordability, livability. That calls for cross-departmental conversations about values, not just task coordination.</p><p>Leadership is pivotal. Leaders who create space for these conversations&#8212;and model that doubt and deliberation are part of good governance&#8212;set a different tone than those who prioritize speed and risk avoidance. For instance, by explicitly asking in a meeting: &#8220;What choice do we actually find hardest here, and why?&#8221;</p><div><hr></div><p><strong>References</strong></p><p><strong>On Public Values &amp; Value Conflicts</strong></p><p>Bozeman, B. (2007). <em>Public values and public interest: Counterbalancing economic individualism</em>. Georgetown University Press.</p><p>J&#248;rgensen, T.B. &amp; Bozeman, B. (2007). Public values: An inventory. <em>Administration &amp; Society</em>, 39(3), 354&#8211;381.</p><p>Beck J&#248;rgensen, T. &amp; Vrangb&#230;k, K. (2011). Value dynamics: Towards a framework for analyzing public value changes. <em>International Journal of Public Administration</em>, 34(8), 486&#8211;496.</p><p><strong>On Managerialism &amp; Critiques of New Public Management</strong></p><p>Hood, C. (1991). A public management for all seasons? <em>Public Administration</em>, 69(1), 3&#8211;19.</p><p>Pollitt, C. &amp; Bouckaert, G. (2011). <em>Public management reform: A comparative analysis</em> (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.</p><p>Dunleavy, P. et al. (2006). New public management is dead&#8212;Long live digital-era governance. <em>Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory</em>, 16(3), 467&#8211;494.</p><p><strong>On Shifting Contexts &amp; Moral Dimensions</strong></p><p>Rhodes, R.A.W. (2016). Recovering the craft of public administration in network governance. <em>Public Administration</em>, 94(3), 562&#8211;577.</p><p>Wagenaar, H. (2011). <em>Meaning in action: Interpretation and dialogue in policy analysis</em>. Routledge.</p><p>Sch&#246;n, D.A. &amp; Rein, M. (1994). <em>Frame reflection: Toward the resolution of intractable policy controversies</em>. Basic Books.</p><p><strong>On Practice &amp; Reflexivity</strong></p><p>Hajer, M. &amp; Wagenaar, H. (Eds.) (2003). <em>Deliberative policy analysis: Understanding governance in the network society</em>. Cambridge University Press.</p><p>Yanow, D. (2000). <em>Conducting interpretive policy analysis</em>. Sage.</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T1qC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F650d7667-9745-496f-92d0-35f614a77523_2816x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T1qC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F650d7667-9745-496f-92d0-35f614a77523_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T1qC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F650d7667-9745-496f-92d0-35f614a77523_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T1qC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F650d7667-9745-496f-92d0-35f614a77523_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T1qC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F650d7667-9745-496f-92d0-35f614a77523_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T1qC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F650d7667-9745-496f-92d0-35f614a77523_2816x1536.png" width="1456" height="794" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T1qC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F650d7667-9745-496f-92d0-35f614a77523_2816x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T1qC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F650d7667-9745-496f-92d0-35f614a77523_2816x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T1qC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F650d7667-9745-496f-92d0-35f614a77523_2816x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T1qC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F650d7667-9745-496f-92d0-35f614a77523_2816x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong><br></strong><em><strong>Presented by Miniserie van Onderstroom</strong></em></p><p>The ambition is to surface what gets buried beneath process language&#8212;to name the trade-offs, expose the hidden priorities, and make visible the human stakes behind technical decisions. It&#8217;s about building a practice where values aren&#8217;t avoided or obscured, but brought into the light and put to work.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://ministerievanonderstroom.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonneren&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;nl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Bedankt voor het lezen van Ministerie van Onderstroom! Abonneer je gratis om nieuwe posts te ontvangen en mijn werk te steunen.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Typ je e-mailadres&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Abonneren"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>